Methods of genomic evaluation in livestock
The invention encompasses methods for increasing genetic progress in livestock, and for genetic dissemination, including the use of amniocentesis to obtain fetal amniocytes for use in genomic evaluation and cloning.
1. A method of determining a genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) or a genomic predicted transmitting ability (GPTA) of a non-human mammalian fetus comprising:
extracting DNA from one or more fetal amniocytes;
genotyping the DNA to obtain a genotype for the fetus; and
determining a GEBV or a GPTA of the fetus based on the genotype.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of isolating the one or more fetal amniocytes from amniotic fluid.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of cloning the fetus using a fetal amniocyte.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fetal amniocytes comprise amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the genotype is an SNP genotype.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the DNA is genotyped using a SNP chip or array.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of calculating a selection index using the GEBV or the GPTA.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of calculating a selection index using the GEBV or the GPTA.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of verifying parentage of the fetus using the genotype.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-human mammalian fetus is a bovid.
11. A method of increasing genetic progress in a population of non-human mammals comprising:
extracting DNA from one or more amniocytes derived from a fetus from the population;
genotyping the DNA to obtain a genotype for the fetus;
selecting the fetus as a parent for the population based on the genotype; and
cloning the fetus to produce a clone.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of cloning the fetus comprises using an amniocyte derived from the fetus.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the one or more amniocytes comprise amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
14. The method of claim 11 , further comprising the step of determining a GEBV or a GPTA of the fetus based on the genotype.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the genotype is an SNP genotype.
16. The method of claim 11 , further comprising the steps of
fertilizing an oocyte from the clone with sperm from a male in the population to produce an embryo; and
transferring the embryo into a female recipient for gestation.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the sperm is sex-sorted sperm of which at least 60% bear an X-chromosome.
18. A method of genetic dissemination comprising:
extracting DNA from one or more amniocytes derived from a fetus;
genotyping the DNA to obtain a genotype for the fetus; and
selecting the fetus as a donor of oocytes for use in IVF based on the genotype.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising the steps of
collecting one or more oocytes from the donor; and
fertilizing the one or more oocytes with sex-sorted sperm to produce one or more female embryos.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising the step of
transferring the one or more female embryos into one or more recipient females.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the one or more recipient females comprise production animals.
22. The method of claim 20 , further comprising the steps of
producing one or more heifers or cows from the one or more female embryos; and
producing milk from the one or more heifers or cows.
23. The method of claim 18 , further comprising the step of determining a GEBV or a GPTA of the fetus based on the genotype.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the genotype is an SNP genotype.