Systems, devices and methods for the treatment of neurological disorders and conditions
The present disclosure relates to methods, devices, and systems used for the treatment of and/or promoting recovery from various neurological disorders and conditions, including epilepsy and other seizure disorders and movement and other related disorders; for promoting recovery from acute or chronic brain injury (e.g. stroke, hypoxia/ischemia, head trauma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and other forms of brain injury, for awakening and/or promoting the recovery of patients in various levels of coma, altered mental status or vegetative state); or for promoting recovery from chronic daily headache and migraine and related disorders via external (cutaneous) stimulation of the sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve in the face and forehead. More specifically, devices and electrode assemblies configured for stimulation of the supraorbital, supratrochlear, infraorbital, auriculotemporal, zygomaticotemporal, zygomaticoorbital, zygomaticofacial, nasal and infratrochlear nerves are disclosed.
1. A method for treating a neurological disorder or condition by stimulation of trigeminal nerves, the method comprising:
placing a first contact of a cutaneous electrode assembly on a first region of a patient's face;
placing a second contact of the cutaneous electrode assembly on a second region of the patient's face; and
applying electrical signals to the cutaneous electrode assembly at specified operational parameters to stimulate the trigeminal nerves,
wherein the cutaneous electrode assembly comprises an insulating connection region connecting the first contact and the second contact,
wherein the first contact and the second contact are spaced apart according to a distance between a first cutaneous distribution of the trigeminal nerves and a second cutaneous distribution of the trigeminal nerves.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the trigeminal nerves stimulated comprise a superficial ophthalmic branch, an infraorbital branch, a mentalis branch, or a combination thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the trigeminal nerves stimulated comprise a supraorbital nerve.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the trigeminal nerves stimulated comprise an auriculotemporal nerve.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the trigeminal nerves stimulated comprise a zygomaticofacial nerve.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cutaneous electrode assembly further comprises a retainer element configured to secure the cutaneous electrode assembly to the patient's face.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neurological disorder or condition is selected from the group consisting of epilepsy, a seizure-related disorder, an acute brain injury, a chronic brain injury, chronic daily headache, migraine, a disorder related to migraine or headache, and a movement disorder.
8. A system for stimulation of the trigeminal nerves to treat the neurological disorder or condition wherein the system operates according to the method of claim 1 , the system comprising:
a neurostimulator; and
the cutaneous electrode assembly comprising:
the first contact configured for placement on the first region of the patient's face;
the second contact configured for placement on the second region of the patient's face; and
the insulating connection region connecting the first contact and the second contact, wherein the first contact and the second contact are spaced apart according to the distance between the first cutaneous distribution of the trigeminal nerves and the second cutaneous distribution of the trigeminal nerves.
9. The system of claim 8 , further comprising a cable and lead wires operably connecting the neurostimulator and the cutaneous electrode assembly.
10. The system of claim 8 , further comprising a regulation device configured to regulate current output to minimize or prevent current penetration below the surface of the skull bone.
11. The system of claim 8 , further comprising a retainer element configured to secure the cutaneous electrode assembly to the patient's face.
12. A kit for the stimulation of the trigeminal nerve to treat the neurological disorder or condition, the kit comprising:
the cutaneous electrode assembly according to claim 8 ; and
instructions for placement of the cutaneous electrode assembly on the patient for treatment of the neurological disorder or condition.
13. The kit of claim 12 , further comprising:
the neurostimulator; and
instructions for applying electrical signals to the cutaneous electrode assembly for treatment of the neurological disorder or condition.