Sensor-enabled cutting elements for earth-boring tools, earth-boring tools so equipped, and related methods
Sensor-enabled cutting elements for an earth-boring drilling tool may comprise a substrate base, and a cutting tip at an end of the substrate base. The cutting tip may comprise a tapered surface extending from the substrate base and tapering to an apex of the cutting tip, and a sensor coupled with the cutting tip. The sensor may be configured to obtain data relating to at least one parameter related to at least one of a drilling condition, a wellbore condition, a formation condition, and a condition of the earth-boring drilling tool. The sensor-enabled cutting elements may be included on at least one of an earth-boring drill bit, a drilling tool, a bottom-hole assembly, and a drill string.
1. A sensor-enabled cutting element for an earth-boring drilling tool, the sensor-enabled cutting element comprising:
a substrate base;
a cutting tip at an end of the substrate base, the cutting tip comprising a tapered surface extending from the substrate base and tapering to an apex of the cutting tip centered about a longitudinal axis of the cutting tip; and
a sensor embedded within the cutting tip, surrounded by the cutting tip, and aligned with the longitudinal axis of the cutting tip, wherein the sensor is configured to obtain data relating to at least one parameter related to at least one of a drilling condition, a wellbore condition, a formation condition, and a condition of the earth-boring drilling tool.
2. The sensor-enabled cutting element of claim 1 , wherein the at least one parameter includes at least one of temperature, pressure, strain, stress, and resistivity.
3. The sensor-enabled cutting element of claim 1 , wherein the cutting tip includes a hard material selected from the group consisting of polycrystalline diamond, diamond-like amorphous carbon, and cubic boron nitride.
4. The sensor-enabled cutting element of claim 1 , wherein the substrate base includes a tungsten-carbide material.
5. The sensor-enabled cutting element of claim 1 , wherein the sensor includes at least one of a transducer, a piezoelectric material, an acoustic sensor, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a stress sensor, and a strain sensor.
6. The sensor-enabled cutting element of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is configured to measure physical properties of the sensor-enabled cutting element.
7. The sensor-enabled cutting element of claim 6 , wherein the sensor includes at least one of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, an inclinometer, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS), and a nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS).
8. The sensor-enabled cutting element of claim 1 , wherein the sensor includes a chemical sensor configured to perform elemental analysis of the wellbore condition.
9. The sensor-enabled cutting element of claim 8 , wherein the sensor includes at least one of a carbon nanotube, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor sensor, a sensor configured to perform a hydrocarbon analysis, and a sensor configured to perform a carbon/oxygen analysis.
10. The sensor-enabled cutting element of claim 1 , wherein the sensor includes a radioactive material and at least one of a gamma ray sensor and a neutron sensor.
11. The sensor-enabled cutting element of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is configured as an electrode to transmit an electrical stimulus.
12. The sensor-enabled cutting element of claim 1 , wherein the sensor includes at least one of a magnetic sensor and a thermistor sensor.
13. The sensor-enabled cutting element of claim 1 , wherein the tapered surface of the cutting tip includes a flat portion relative to a rest of the tapered surface of the cutting tip.
14. An earth-boring drilling tool, comprising:
a body; and
at least one cutting element coupled with the body at a cutting location of the earth-boring drilling tool, the at least one cutting element including:
a cutting tip at an end of a substrate base, the cutting tip comprising a tapered surface extending from the substrate base and tapering to an apex of the cutting tip; and
a sensor embedded within a chamber of the cutting tip, the chamber entirely enclosed by the cutting tip, defined along a central longitudinal axis of the at least one cutting element, and aligned with the apex of the cutting tip, wherein the sensor is configured to obtain data relating to at least one parameter associated with at least one of a drilling condition, a wellbore condition, a formation condition, and diagnostic performance of at least one component of the earth-boring drilling tool.
15. The earth-boring drilling tool of claim 14 , wherein the cutting location is a cutting surface on a blade of a fixed-cutter earth-boring tool.
16. The earth-boring drilling tool of claim 14 , wherein the cutting location is a cutting surface of a roller cone of an earth-boring tool.
17. The earth-boring drilling tool of claim 14 , further comprising another cutting element having another cutting tip and another sensor configured the same as the at least one cutting element, wherein the another cutting element is coupled with the body at a non-cutting location of the earth-boring drilling tool.
18. The earth-boring drilling tool of claim 17 , wherein the non-cutting location is one of a bottom-hole assembly, a drill string, a gauge, a junk slot, a fluid course, and a shank of an earth-boring drill bit.
19. The earth-boring drilling tool of claim 14 , wherein the apex of the at least one cutting element at least partially protrudes from a surface of the body.
20. The earth-boring drilling tool of claim 14 , wherein the apex of the at least one cutting element is recessed below a surface of the body.