Composition for forming electrode, electrode manufactured using the same and solar cell
A composition for forming an electrode includes a conductive powder, a glass frit, an organic vehicle, and a burn-out retardant. The burn-out retardant exhibits a residual carbon of greater than or equal to about 1 wt % at a temperature of about 600° C. based on the initial amount of 100 wt % and an exothermic peak at about 200° C. to about 500° C.
1. A composition for forming a solar cell electrode, the composition comprising:
a conductive powder;
a glass frit;
an organic vehicle, the organic vehicle including a binder and a solvent; and
a burn-out retardant,
wherein the burn-out retardant is selected as exhibiting a residual carbon of greater than or equal to about 1 wt % as measured by increasing a temperature of the burn-out retardant by about 20° per minute up to at a temperature of about 600° C. based on the initial amount of 100 wt %, and
the burn-out retardant is selected as exhibiting an exothermic peak at about 200° C. to about 500° C. as measured by Thermogravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA),
wherein the burn-out retardant is included in the composition for forming an electrode in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 1.5 wt % based on the total amount of composition for forming an electrode, and
wherein the burn-out retardant is a silicone acrylate.
2. The composition for forming an electrode as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition for forming an electrode includes about 60 wt % to about 95 wt % of the conductive powder, about 0.5 wt % to about 20 wt % of the glass frit, the about 0.05 wt % to about 1.5 wt % of the burn-out retardant, and a balance amount of the organic vehicle.
3. The composition for forming an electrode as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the glass frit includes one or more elements selected from lead (Pb), tellurium (Te), bismuth (Bi), lithium (Li), phosphorus (P), germanium (Ge), gallium (Ga), cerium (Ce), iron (Fe), silicon (Si), zinc (Zn), tungsten (W), magnesium (Mg), cesium (Cs), strontium (Sr), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tin (Sn), indium (In), vanadium (V), barium (Ba), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), potassium (K), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), zirconium (Zr), manganese (Mn), silver (Ag), and aluminum (Al).
4. The composition for forming an electrode as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition for forming an electrode further comprises at least one selected from a surface-treatment agent, a dispersing agent, a thixotropic agent, a viscosity stabilizer, an antifoaming agent, a pigment, an ultraviolet (UV) stabilizer, an antioxidant, and a coupling agent.
5. An electrode manufactured using the composition for forming an electrode as claimed in claim 1 .
6. A solar cell comprising the electrode as claimed in claim 5 .