Composite polyamide membrane post-treated with nitrous acid
A method for making a composite polyamide membrane comprising a porous support and a polyamide layer, including the steps of: i) applying a polar solution comprising of polyfunctional amine monomer and a non-polar solution comprising a polyfunctional acyl halide monomer to a surface of a porous support and interfacially polymerizing the monomers to form a polyamide layer; and ii) exposing the thin film polyamide layer to nitrous acid; wherein the method is characterized by at least one of: conducting the interfacial polymerization of step i) in the presence of a subject amine-reactive compound, or applying a subject amine-reactive compound to the interfacially polymerized polyamide layer prior to step ii), wherein the subject amine-reactive compound is different from the polyfunctional acyl halide and polyfunctional amine monomers and is represented by the following formula:
1. A method for making a composite polyamide membrane comprising a porous support and a polyamide layer, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
i) applying a polar solution comprising a polyfunctional amine monomer and a non-polar solution comprising a polyfunctional acyl halide monomer to a surface of a porous support and interfacially polymerizing the monomers to form a polyamide layer; and
ii) exposing the thin film polyamide layer to nitrous acid;
wherein the method is characterized by at least one of:
a) conducting the interfacial polymerization of step i) in the presence of a subject amine-reactive compound, and
b) applying a subject amine-reactive compound to the interfacially polymerized polyamide layer prior to step ii),
wherein the subject amine-reactive compound is different from the polyfunctional acyl halide and polyfunctional amine monomers and is represented by the following formula:
wherein:
Z is selected from: hydroxyl, alkoxy, ester, tertiary amino, secondary amino and keto-amide;
Y is selected from: hydrogen, carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid or salt thereof, halogen, acyl halide, sulfonyl halide and anhydride and an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and
A, A′, A″ and A′″ are independently selected from: Z, hydrogen, acyl halide, sulfonyl halide and anhydride with the proviso that at least one of A, A′, A″ and A′″ is an acyl halide, sulfonyl halide or anhydride and that at least one of Y, A or A″ is hydrogen.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein Z and at least one of A′ or A′″ is hydroxyl with the proviso that at least one of A or Y is hydrogen.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein Z and at least one of A′ or A′″ is a secondary or tertiary amino with the proviso that at least one of A or Y is hydrogen.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein: Z is selected from: hydroxyl or methoxy; Y is selected from: hydrogen, halogen or carboxylic acid; and A, A′, A″ and A′″ are independently selected from: hydrogen and acyl halide with the proviso that at least one of A, A′, A″ and A′″ is an acyl halide and that at least one of A or A″ is hydrogen.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein: Z is selected from hydroxyl, A′ is selected from hydroxyl and A is hydrogen provided at least one of A″, A′″ or Y is an acyl halide.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein: Z is selected from hydroxyl, A′″ is selected from hydroxyl, Y is hydrogen provided at least one of A, A′ or A″ is an acyl halide.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the polyfunctional amine is a difunctional amine.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one of the polar and non-polar solutions further comprises a tri-hydrocarbyl phosphate compound represented by following formula:
wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from hydrogen and hydrocarbyl groups comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, with the proviso that no more than one of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the subject amine-reactive compound is combined with the polyfunctional acyl halide monomer within the non-polar solution of step i).
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the subject amine-reactive compound is selected from at least one of: 5-hydroxyisophthaloyl chloride, 4-hydroxyisophthaloyl chloride, 3-hydroxybenzoyl chloride, 2-hydroxybenzoyl chloride, 4-hydroxybenzoyl chloride, 5-hydroxybenzene-1,3-disulfonyl dichloride, 5-hydroxyisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, 3-(chlorocarbonyl)-5-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-(chlorocarbonyl)-5-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid, 3-(chlorosulfonyl)-5-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid, 5-methoxyisophthaloyl chloride, 4-methoxyisophthaloyl chloride, 3-methoxybenzoyl chloride, 2-methoxybenzoyl chloride, 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride, 5-methoxybenzene-1,3-disulfonyl dichloride, 5-methoxyisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, 3-(chlorocarbonyl)-5-methoxybenzoic acid, 3-(chlorocarbonyl)-5-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid, 3-(chlorosulfonyl)-5-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid, 3,5-bis(dimethyl amino)benzoyl chloride, 3-(dimethylamino)benzoyl chloride, 5-(dimethyl amino)isophthaloyl dichloride, 5-(chlorocarbonyl)-1,3-phenylene bis(2,2,2 trifluoroacetate), 5-(chlorocarbonyl)-1,3-phenylene diacetate, 3,5-bis(3-oxobutanamido)benzoyl chloride, and 4-(3-oxobutanamido)benzoyl chloride.