Polycarbonate fibers and substrates comprising same
Disclosed herein are polycarbonate fibers and fibrous substrates, such as papers, containing such fibers. The polycarbonate fibers are produced from a polymeric composition comprising a cross-linkable polycarbonate containing endgroups derived from a monofunctional benzophenone or containing repeating units derived from a difunctional benzophenone. The polycarbonate fibers can be combined with other fibers to form the fibrous substrate. Upon exposure to ultraviolet light, crosslinking of the polycarbonate fibers will occur, improving various properties of the fibrous substrate.
1. A cross-linkable polycarbonate fiber, formed from a polymeric composition comprising a cross-linkable polycarbonate resin containing a photoactive group derived from a monohydroxybenzophenone, wherein the cross-linkable polycarbonate resin does not contain any residual pyridine, and the cross-linkable polycarbonate resin does not contain any repeating units derived from dihydroxybenzophenones.
2. The fiber of claim 1 , having a diameter of about 1 micron to 40 microns and an aspect ratio of about 3:1 to about 1 million:1.
3. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linkable polycarbonate resin is formed from a reaction of: monohydroxybenzophenone; a diol chain extender; and a first linker moiety comprising a plurality of linking groups, wherein each linking group can react with the hydroxyl groups of the monohydroxybenzophenone and the diol chain extender.
4. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linkable polycarbonate resin contains from about 0.5 mole % to about 5 mole % of endcap groups derived from the monohydroxybenzophenone and has a polydispersity index (PDI) of between 3.0 and 7.3 as measured by GPC using a UV-VIS detector and polycarbonate standards.
5. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric composition forms the exterior surface of the fiber.
6. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the fiber does not include a coating or jacket.
7. An article comprising the fiber of claim 1 .
8. A fibrous substrate comprising polycarbonate fibers of claim 1 .
9. The fibrous substrate of claim 8 , wherein the polycarbonate fibers comprise from about 20 wt % to about 80 wt % of the fibrous substrate.
10. The fibrous substrate of claim 8 , wherein the fibrous substrate further comprises first fibers.
11. The fibrous substrate of claim 10 , wherein the first fibers and the polycarbonate fibers are evenly dispersed throughout the fibrous substrate.
12. The fibrous substrate of claim 10 , wherein the first fibers are made from a material selected from the group consisting of carbon, glass, aramid, basalt, quartz, boron, cellulose, natural fibers, liquid crystal polymer, and high tenacity polymer; or are made from a thermoplastic selected from the group consisting of polycarbonates, polyimides, polyetheretherketone, polyetherketone, polyetherketoneketone, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyoxymethylene, poly(p-phenylene ether), polypropylenes, polyethylenes, polystryrenes, polyvinyls, polyethyleneterephthalates, polybutylene terephthalates, acrylics, nylons, thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyacetals, polyphenylene sulfides, cycloolefin copolymers and thermotropic polyesters.
13. The fibrous substrate of claim 8 , wherein the dimensional stability of the substrate is improved after UV exposure, as measured by an absolute improvement in the average % loss of fiber length of 9.5% or more compared to before the UV exposure at 160° C.
14. A process for producing a strengthened fibrous substrate comprising: exposing the fibrous substrate of claim 8 to a dosage of UV radiation.
15. The fibrous substrate of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linkable polycarbonate further comprises about 0.5 mol % to about 5 mol % of endcap groups derived from a second end-capping agent selected from the group consisting of phenol, p-t-butylphenol, p-cumylphenol, and 4-cyanophenol.
16. A cross-linkable polycarbonate fiber, formed from a polymeric composition comprising a cross-linkable polycarbonate resin containing a photoactive group derived from a dihydroxybenzophenone and endcap groups derived from an end-capping agent selected from the group consisting of phenol, p-t-butylphenol, p-cumylphenol, octylphenol, and p-cyanophenol, wherein the cross-linkable polycarbonate resin does not contain any residual pyridine, and the polymeric composition further comprises a polymeric base resin, wherein the weight ratio of the cross-linkable polycarbonate resin to the polymeric base resin is from about 50:50 to about 95:5, wherein a fibrous substrate comprising the cross-linkable polycarbonate fiber has improved dimensional stability after UV exposure, as measured by an absolute improvement in the average % loss of fiber strength of 95% or more compared to before the UV exposure at 160° C.
17. The fiber of claim 16 , wherein the cross-linkable polycarbonate resin is formed from a reaction of: the dihydroxybenzophenone; a diol chain extender; a first linker moiety comprising a plurality of linking groups, wherein each linking group can react with the hydroxyl groups of the dihydroxybenzophenone and the diol chain extender; and the endcapping agent.
18. The fiber of claim 17 , wherein the dihydroxybenzophenone is 4,4′ dihydroxybenzophenone; the diol chain extender is bisphenol-A; and the first linker moiety is phosgene.
19. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric composition further comprises a polymeric base resin.
20. The fiber of claim 19 , wherein the weight ratio of the cross-linkable polycarbonate resin to the polymeric base resin is from about 50:50 to about 95:5.