METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR MICROBIOME ALTERATION
A method to improve gastrointestinal health by colonic microbiome alteration, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more indigestible oligosaccharides and less than about 20% digestible saccharides by weight, wherein an abundance of one or more beneficial bacteria in the subject's colonic micro-biome is increased after administration of the composition.
1 . A method to improve gastrointestinal health by colonic microbiome alteration, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a composition comprising at least 95% w/w galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and less than about 5% digestible saccharides by weight, wherein an abundance of one or more beneficial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the subject's colonic microbiome is increased after administration of the composition.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein an abundance of one or more gas producing operational taxonomic units in the subject's colonic microbiome is reduced after administration of the composition.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein an abundance of one or more beneficial bacteria in the subject's colonic microbiome is increased by at least an average of 25-fold.
4 - 8 . (canceled)
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more beneficial operational taxonomic units comprise one or more Lactobacillus species, one or more Faecalibacterium species, one or more Roseburia species, one or more Bifidobacterium species, one or more Coprococcus bacterial species, one or more Dorea bacterial species, one or more Clostridium species, or a combination thereof.
10 . (canceled)
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the abundance of one or more beneficial operational taxonomic units and/or the abundance of one or more gas producing bacteria is measured by 16S rRNA sequencing.
12 .- 13 . (canceled)
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject in need thereof has experienced one or more symptoms comprising abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence (gas), diarrhea (loose stools), acute diarrhea, abdominal cramping, gurgling (bowel sounds), nausea (upset stomach), heartburn, or a combination thereof.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject in need thereof has lactose intolerance, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, traveler's diarrhea, or a combination thereof.
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject in need thereof has experienced one or more symptoms of lactose intolerance.
17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject in need thereof has experienced one or more symptoms of lactose intolerance comprising abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence (gas), diarrhea (loose stools), abdominal cramping, gurgling (bowel sounds), nausea (upset stomach), heartburn, or a combination thereof.
18 .- 31 . (canceled)
32 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the effective amount of the composition is from about 0.1 g to about 40 g.
33 . (canceled)
34 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the effective amount of the composition is administered 1, 2, or 3 times per day.
35 . (canceled)
36 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is provided in a solid or a liquid formulation.
37 . The method of claim 36 , wherein the solid or liquid formulation comprises one or more excipients.
38 .- 56 . (canceled)
57 . A method to improve gastrointestinal health by altering one or more operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the colonic microbiome, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more prebiotics and less than about 5% digestible saccharides by weight, wherein an abundance of one or more gas producing OTUs in the subject's colonic microbiome is reduced after administration of the composition.
58 .- 59 . (canceled)
60 . The method of claim 57 , wherein the abundance of one or more gas producing OTUs is measured by 16S rRNA sequencing.
61 - 62 . (canceled)
63 . The method of claim 57 , wherein the subject in need thereof has experienced one or more symptoms comprising abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence (gas), diarrhea (loose stools), acute diarrhea, abdominal cramping, gurgling (bowel sounds), nausea (upset stomach), heartburn, or a combination thereof.
64 . The method of claim 57 , wherein the subject in need thereof has lactose intolerance, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, traveler's diarrhea, or a combination thereof.
65 . The method of claim 57 , wherein the subject in need thereof has experienced one or more symptoms of lactose intolerance.
66 . The method of claim 57 , wherein the subject in need thereof has experienced one or more symptoms of lactose intolerance comprising abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence (gas), diarrhea (loose stools), abdominal cramping, gurgling (bowel sounds), nausea (upset stomach), heartburn, or a combination thereof.
67 .- 79 . (canceled)
80 . The method of claim 57 , wherein the effective amount of the composition is from about 0.1 g to about 40 g.
81 . (canceled)
82 . The method of claim 57 , wherein the effective amount of the composition is administered 1, 2, or 3 times per day.
83 . (canceled)
84 . The method of claim 57 , wherein the composition is provided in a solid or a liquid formulation.
85 . The method of claim 57 , The method of claim 84 , wherein the solid or liquid formulation comprises one or more excipients.
86 .- 97 . (canceled)
98 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the increase in the one or more beneficial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the subject's colonic microbiome after administration of the composition is retained for at least 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, or 1 year following administration of the composition.