Container having an internal structure with minimum surfaces
An illustrative example container includes a plurality of internal support members having a surface contour that at least approximates a minimum surface. The plurality of internal support members collectively provide structural support for carrying loads on the container. The plurality of internal support members collectively establish a plurality of cavities for at least temporarily containing fluid. An outer shell is connected with at least some of the internal support members. The outer shell includes a plurality of curved surfaces. The outer shell encloses the cavities.
1. A container, comprising:
a plurality of internal support members having a surface contour that at least approximates a minimum surface, the plurality of internal support members collectively providing structural support for carrying loads on the container, the plurality of internal support members collectively establishing a plurality of cavities for at least temporarily containing fluid; and
an outer shell connected with at least some of the internal support members, the outer shell including a plurality of curved surfaces, the outer shell enclosing the cavities, wherein
interiors of the plurality of internal support members collectively establish at least one first cavity for at least temporarily containing fluid;
exteriors of the plurality of internal support members collectively establish at least one second cavity for at least temporarily containing fluid;
the outer shell curved surfaces include a plurality of first curved surfaces closing the first cavity;
the outer shell curved surfaces include a plurality of second curved surfaces closing the second cavity;
the first curved surfaces have a first surface profile; and
the second curved surfaces have a second, different surface profile.
2. The container of claim 1 , wherein
the surface contour of the support members directs forces along a direction;
the outer shell curved surfaces have a surface profile; and
the curved surfaces surface profile is situated so that the forces along the direction are distributed approximately equally along the curved surfaces.
3. The container of claim 1 , wherein
a portion of one of the first curved surfaces is connected to one of the interior support members at an interface;
a portion of one of the second curved surfaces is connected to the one of the interior support members at the interface; and
the first surface profile of the one of the first curved surfaces and the second surface profile of the one of the second curved surfaces are situated to substantially counteract a moment on the one of the first curved surfaces and the one of the second curved surfaces at the interface.
4. The container of claim 1 , wherein
at least the first curved surfaces are substantially semi-spherical; and
the first curved surfaces have a convex shape on an exterior of the container.
5. The container of claim 4 , wherein
the second curved surfaces are substantially semi-spherical; and
the second curved surfaces have a convex shape on an exterior of the container.
6. The container of claim 1 , wherein
the interior support members respectively include connection interfaces configured to be connected to another interior support member or a portion of the outer shell; and
the surface contour of the respective interior support members directs a load on the container in a direction generally perpendicular to the connection interface.
7. The container of claim 6 , wherein
the connection interfaces are generally circular.
8. The container of claim 1 , wherein
the outer shell defines a shape of the container; and
the shape corresponds to a substantially rectangular prism.
9. The container of claim 1 , wherein
the surface contour comprises a P-surface.
10. The container of claim 1 , comprising a fluid within the container and wherein the fluid is pressurized.
11. The container of claim 1 , wherein the container is configured as a heat exchanger.
12. The container of claim 1 , wherein
the internal support members comprise metal; and
the outer shell comprises metal.
13. The container of claim 1 , wherein
the internal support members respectively comprise an interior surface and an exterior surface;
the interior surface at least approximates a minimum surface; and
the exterior surface at least approximates a minimum surface.
14. The container of claim 13 , wherein
the outer shell comprises:
a plurality of corner members,
a plurality of edge members situated between the corner members, and
a plurality of face members;
corresponding ones of the corner members, the edge members and the face members are secured together; and
corresponding ones of the internal support members are secured to corresponding ones of the corner members, edge members or face members.
15. The container of claim 1 , wherein the outer shell includes a plurality of members, wherein each of the plurality of members is connected with at least some of the internal support members, and wherein each of the plurality of members is connected with at least one other member of the plurality of members.
16. The container of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first cavity is isolated from the at least one second cavity so as to not be configured to communicate fluid to the at least one second cavity.
17. A method of making a container, comprising the steps of:
forming a plurality of internal support members including establishing a surface contour of the internal support members, wherein the surface contour at least approximates a minimum surface;
connecting the plurality of internal support members to establish a plurality of cavities for at least temporarily containing fluid; and
forming an outer shell having a plurality of curved surfaces including shaping a plurality of sheets of material respectively to establish the plurality of curved surfaces on the respective sheets;
connecting the outer shell with at least some of the internal support members to enclose the cavities,
wherein the internal support members collectively provide structural support for carrying loads on the container.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein forming the plurality of internal support members, comprises:
shaping a first sheet of material to establish the surface contour of at least one portion of at least some of the internal support members;
shaping a second sheet of material to establish the surface contour of at least another portion of the some of the internal support members; and
connecting the shaped first sheet of material to the shaped second sheet of material.
19. The method of claim 18 , comprising:
shaping additional sheets of material to establish the surface contours of additional ones of the plurality of internal support members; and
connecting respective ones of the shaped additional sheets together.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein forming the plurality of internal support members includes using hot press forming.
21. The method of claim 17 , wherein
the shaped sheets respectively include a plurality of openings among the curved surfaces; and
forming the outer shell includes
obtaining a plurality of curved cap members having a shape and size corresponding to a shape and size of the openings; and
connecting respective ones of the curved cap members to at least one of
an internal support member situated adjacent one of the openings or
a corresponding one of the shaped sheets along a periphery of one of the openings.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein connecting respective ones of the curved cap members seals the plurality of cavities.
23. The method of claim 17 , wherein connecting the plurality of internal support members includes solid-state welding.
24. The method of claim 17 , wherein the container is configured as a heat exchanger and wherein the plurality of sheets comprises titanium or an alloy material.