Methods and systems to analyze a gas-mixture
A system is presented. The system includes an electromagnetic radiation source configured to generate a mode-matched electromagnetic radiation that irradiates a gas-mixture filled in a gas compartment at a determined pressure ‘P’ bars, an intensity enhancement mechanism that internally reflects the mode-matched electromagnetic radiation a plurality of times to achieve an effective intensity ‘E’, of reflected electromagnetic radiation in a region of interest, that is ‘N’ times an intensity of the mode-matched electromagnetic radiation, and a detection subsystem that analyzes the gas-mixture based upon Raman scattered photons emitted from the region of interest, wherein a product of the ‘P’ and the ‘N’ is at least 30.
1. A system, comprising:
an electromagnetic radiation source configured to generate a mode-matched electromagnetic radiation that irradiates a gas-mixture filled in a gas compartment at a determined pressure ‘P’ of about 4.5 bars to 35 bars;
an intensity enhancement mechanism that internally reflects the mode-matched electromagnetic radiation a plurality of times to achieve an effective intensity ‘E’, of reflected electromagnetic radiation in a region of interest, that is ‘N’ times an intensity of the mode-matched electromagnetic radiation; and
a detection subsystem that analyses the gas-mixture based upon Raman scattered photons emitted from the region of interest;
wherein a product of the ‘P’ and the ‘N’ is at least 30.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the intensity enhancement mechanism internally reflects the mode-matched electromagnetic radiation to pass, overlap and intersect the mode-matched electromagnetic radiation in the region of interest to achieve the effective intensity ‘E’ of the reflected electromagnetic radiation in the region of interest.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the intensity enhancement mechanism is an optical cavity, an optical resonator, a confocal resonator, a multipass Raman cell, an off-axis confocal cavity, an integrating sphere, a micro-cavity, or combinations thereof.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation source comprises:
a radiation source that generates electromagnetic radiation; and
a mode-matching device that mode-matches the electromagnetic radiation as per the requirements of the intensity enhancement mechanism.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the radiation source is a coherent source, an incoherent source, a visible light source, or an infrared source.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein effective intensity of the reflected electromagnetic radiation in another region, having a volume similar to the volume of the region of interest, and located within the gas compartment and the intensity enhancement mechanism is less than the effective intensity ‘E’ of the reflected electromagnetic radiation in the region of interest.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the region of interest is a concentric point, a confocal region, or a collection of confocal points of the intensity enhancement mechanism.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the intensity enhancement mechanism is located inside the gas compartment.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the gas-mixture is a sample of natural gas collected from a gas pipeline or an oil pipeline.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the region of interest has a diameter of about 0.1 mm to about 10 mm.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the product of the ‘N’ and the ‘P’ is in the range of about 30 to about 6000.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein, the product of the ‘N’ and the ‘P’ is in the range of about 30 to about 10,500 when the gas compartment is designed such that the pressure ‘P’ of the gas-mixture is stable, and the pressure does not fluctuate.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ‘N’ is in the range of 6 to 300.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the detection subsystem comprises:
a collection optics that adjusts the F-number of the Raman scattered photons and collimates/decollimates the Raman scattered photons as per the requirements of a spectrometer;
the spectrometer that generates a spectrum based upon the Raman scattered photons; and
a processing subsystem that analyses the gas-mixture based upon the Raman scattered photons.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the detection subsystem analyzes the gas-mixture by:
generating a spectrum based upon the Raman scattered photons;
determining composition of the gas-mixture by comparing the spectrum and a reference spectrum stored in a data repository;
determining concentration of gases present in the gas-mixture based upon a concentration map and the spectrum; and
determining British Thermal Units of the gas-mixture based upon the concentration and composition of the gas-mixture.
16. The system of claim 1 , wherein the gas-mixture comprises natural gas, liquid nitrogen gas, synthetic gas, liquid petroleum gas, process gas, sour gas, or sweet gas.
17. A system, comprising:
an electromagnetic radiation source configured to generate a mode-matched electromagnetic radiation that irradiates a gas-mixture filled in a gas compartment at a determined pressure ‘P’ of about 4.5 bars to 35 bars;
an intensity enhancement mechanism that internally reflects the mode-matched electromagnetic radiation a plurality of times, ‘N’ in a region of interest to achieve an effective intensity ‘E’, of reflected electromagnetic radiation, that is the ‘N’ times the intensity of the mode-matched electromagnetic radiation; and
a detection subsystem that analyses the gas-mixture based upon Raman scattered photons emitted from the region of interest;
wherein a product of the ‘P’ and the ‘N’ is at least 30.
18. A gas-mixture analyzer, comprising:
an electromagnetic radiation source configured to generate mode-matched electromagnetic radiation that is directed into a gas compartment having a gas-mixture, wherein the gas compartment is at a pressure ‘P’ of about 4.5 bars to 35 bars;
an intensity enhancement mechanism within the gas compartment that internally reflects the mode-matched electromagnetic radiation, by passing, overlapping and intersecting a plurality of times through a region of interest to achieve an effective intensity ‘E’, of reflected electromagnetic radiation in the region of interest, that is ‘N’ times an intensity of the mode-matched electromagnetic radiation; and
a detection subsystem that analyses the gas-mixture based upon Raman scattered photons emitted from the region of interest;
wherein a product of the ‘P’ and the ‘N’ is at least 30.
19. A method for analyzing a gas-mixture, comprising:
filling a gas-mixture into a gas compartment until it reaches a pressure ‘P’ of about 4.5 bars to 35 bars;
internally reflecting mode-matched electromagnetic radiation in an intensity enhancement mechanism by passing, overlapping and intersecting, multiple times in a region of interest to achieve an effective intensity ‘E’, of reflected electromagnetic radiation in the region of interest, that is ‘N’ times the intensity of the mode-matched electromagnetic radiation;
controlling the pressure ‘P’ of the gas-mixture and the number ‘N’ such that a product of the number ‘N’ and the pressure ‘P’ is at least 30; and
analyzing the gas-mixture based upon the Raman scattered photons to determine at least one of a concentration of individual gases in the gas mixture and an energy content of the gas mixture.