Molecular detection of enterovirus and parechovirus
Provided herein are methods for determining the presence or absence of an enteroviruses and parechoviruses in a biological sample. The methods involve identifying the presence or absence of a target nucleic acids from the viruses using direct amplification from a biological sample without a step of extraction of the nucleic acids, but retaining substantially the same specificity and sensitivity of methods assaying extracted nucleic acids. Also provided are methods of diagnosis using the methods provided and compositions and kits for the practice of the methods.
1. A method for determining the presence or absence of an enterovirus and/or a parechovirus in a sample, the method comprising:
(a) amplifying enteroviral nucleic acids, if present in the sample, with at least one first pair of primers, wherein the first pair of primers comprises:
(i)a first primer comprising SEQ ID NO:1, and
(ii) a second primer comprising a 5′ quencher dye, a first probe sequence flanked by two self-complementary nucleotide sequences of at least four nucleotides in length, a fluorophore and a primer sequence comprising SEQ ID NO:2; and/or
(b) amplifying parechoviral nucleic acids, if present in the sample, with at least one second pair of primers, wherein the second pair of primers comprises:
(i) first primer comprising SEQ ID NO:4, and
(ii) a second primer comprising a 5′ quencher dye, a second probe sequence flanked by two self-complementary nucleotide sequences of at least four nucleotides in length, a fluorophore and a primer sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 5 or the full complement thereof,
wherein detection of amplified enteroviral and/or parechoviral nucleic acids indicates the presence of enterovirus and/or parechovirus, respectively.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first probe sequence comprises SEQ ID NO:3.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the each stem sequence of the two self-complementary stem sequences that flank the first probe sequence is 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 nucleotides in length.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second probe sequence comprises SEQ ID NO:6.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the each stem sequence of the two self-complementary stem sequences that flank the second probe sequence is 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 nucleotides in length.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample is a biological sample selected from the group consisting of cerebrospinal fluid, blood, stool, throat swab, rectal swab, nasopharynx swab, plasma, serum and urine.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein nucleic acids are not extracted from the biological sample.