Polymeric-metal composite electrode-based electrochemical device for generating oxidants
A water treatment system comprises at least one electrolytic cell comprising at least one electrode and a power source for powering the electrode. The electrode may be a metal electrode comprising a coating of polymer comprising structural units of formula I (I) wherein R 1 is independently at each occurrence a C 1 -C 6 alkyl radical or —SO 3 M wherein M is independently at each occurrence a hydrogen or an alkali metal a hydrogen or an alkali metal, R 2 is independently at each occurrence a C 1 -C 6 alkyl radical, a is independently at each occurrence an integer ranging from 0 to 4, and b is independently at each occurrence an integer ranging from 0 to 3. An associated method is also described.
1. A water treatment system comprising:
at least one electrolytic cell comprising:
at least one electrode;
a power source for powering said electrode; and
wherein said electrode is a metal electrode comprising a polymer coating, wherein the metal electrode is a metal plate or a metal foam electrode, and wherein the polymer coating comprises fibers formed using an electrospinning process, the polymer coating comprising structural units of formula I
wherein R 1 is independently at each occurrence a C 1 -C 6 alkyl radical or —SO 3 M wherein M is independently at each occurrence a hydrogen or an alkali metal, R 2 is independently at each occurrence a C 1 -C 6 alkyl radical, a is independently at each occurrence an integer ranging from 0 to 4, and b is independently at each occurrence an integer ranging from 0 to 3.
2. The water treatment system of claim 1 , wherein b=0.
3. The water treatment system of claim 2 , wherein a=0.
4. The water treatment system of claim 2 , wherein a=1 and R 1 is SO 3 M wherein M is a hydrogen or an alkali metal.
5. The water treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the metal electrode comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, nickel, aluminum, molybdenum, niobium, tin, tungsten, zinc, and combinations thereof.
6. The water treatment system of claim 5 , wherein the metal electrode comprises titanium.
7. The water treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the metal electrode is a metal foam electrode.
8. The water treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the electrolytic cell comprises at least two electrodes and a liquid chamber between the at least two electrodes and wherein at least one electrode is a bipolar electrode.
9. The water treatment system of claim 8 , comprising an input line and/or an output line in communication with the liquid chamber.
10. A method, comprising:
passing an electric current through an aqueous solution of an electrolyte by passing the electric current through an electrode of an electrolytic cell;
wherein, said electrode is a metal electrode with at least one surface comprising a polymer coating, wherein the metal electrode is a metal plate or a metal foam electrode, and wherein the polymer coating comprises fibers formed using an electrospinning process, the polymer coating comprising structural units of formula I
wherein R 1 is independently at each occurrence a C 1 -C 6 alkyl radical or —SO 3 M wherein M is independently at each occurrence a hydrogen or an alkali metal, R 2 is independently at each occurrence a C 1 -C 6 alkyl radical, a is independently at each occurrence an integer ranging from 0 to 4, and b is independently at each occurrence an integer ranging from 0 to 3;
transporting at least some water from the aqueous solution through said coating to said metal substrate and reducing said water to produce hydroxide ions; and
transporting said hydroxide ions back through said coating away from said metal substrate and into the aqueous solution thereby contacting the cations in the aqueous solution to produce hypochlorite.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the aqueous solution is an alkali halide solution.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the aqueous solution is a sodium chloride solution or a potassium chloride solution.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein b=0.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein a=0.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein a=1 and R 1 is —SO 3 M wherein M is a hydrogen or an alkali metal.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the polymer comprising structural units of formula I comprises structural units of formula:
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein the polymer comprising structural units of formula I comprises structural units of formula:
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein the polymer comprising structural units of formula I comprises structural units of formula:
wherein M is independently at each occurrence a hydrogen or an alkali metal.
19. The method of claim 10 , wherein the metal electrode comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, nickel, aluminum, molybdenum, niobium, tin, tungsten, zinc, and combinations thereof.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the metal electrode comprises titanium.
21. The method of claim 10 , wherein the metal electrode is a metal foam electrode.
22. The method of claim 10 , further comprising contacting an aqueous stream with said produced hypochlorite to reduce levels of microorganisms present in said aqueous stream.