Nonaqueous electrolyte compositions comprising cyclic sulfates

1. An electrolyte composition comprising:

a) an organic carbonate selected from ethylene carbonate and/or propylene carbonate;

b) a fluorinated acyclic carboxylic acid ester selected from CH 3 —COO—CH 2 CF 2 H;

c) a cyclic sulfate selected from one of ethylene sulfate or propylene sulfate; and

d) at least one electrolyte salt;

wherein the electrolyte composition comprises about 0.5 weight percent to about 3 weight percent of the cyclic sulfate.

2. The electrolyte composition of claim 1 , further comprising lithium bis(oxalate)borate or fluoroethylene carbonate.

3. The electrolyte composition of claim 1 , wherein the organic carbonate is ethylene carbonate, and the cyclic sulfate is ethylene sulfate.

4. An electrochemical cell comprising:

(a) a housing;

(b) an anode and a cathode disposed in said housing and in ionically conductive contact with one another;

(c) the electrolyte composition of claim 1 disposed in said housing and providing an ionically conductive pathway between said anode and said cathode; and

(d) a porous separator between said anode and said cathode.

5. The electrochemical cell of claim 4 , wherein said electrochemical cell is a lithium ion battery.

6. The electrochemical cell of claim 4 , wherein the anode is lithium titanate or graphite.

7. The electrochemical cell of claim 4 , wherein the cathode comprises a cathode active material exhibiting greater than 30 mAh/g capacity in the potential range greater than 4.6 V versus a Li/Li + reference electrode.

8. The electrochemical cell of claim 4 , wherein the cathode comprises a cathode active material which is charged to a potential greater than or equal to 4.35 V versus a Li/Li+ reference electrode.

9. The electrochemical cell of claim 4 , wherein the cathode comprises a lithium-containing manganese composite oxide having a spinel structure as active material, the lithium-containing manganese composite oxide being represented by the formula:

Li x Ni y M z Mn 2-y-z O 4-d ,

wherein x is 0.03 to 1.0; x changes in accordance with release and uptake of lithium ions and electrons during charge and discharge; y is 0.3 to 0.6; M comprises one or more of Cr, Fe, Co, Li, Al, Ga, Nb, Mo, Ti, Zr, Mg, Zn, V, and Cu; z is 0.01 to 0.18, and d is 0 to 0.3.

10. The electrochemical cell of claim 4 , wherein the cathode comprises

Li a Ni b Mn c CO d R c O 2-f Z f , wherein:

R is Al, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Sr, V, Zr, Ti, a rare earth element, or a combination thereof, and Z is F, S, P, or a combination thereof; and

0.8≤a≤1.2, 0.1≤b≤0.5, 0.2≤c≤0.7, 0.05≤d≤0.4, 0≤e≤0.2; wherein the sum of b+c+d+e is about 1; and 0≤f≤0.08.

11. The electrochemical cell of claim 4 , wherein the cathode comprises

L ia A 1-b R b D 2 , wherein:

A is Ni, Co, Mn, or a combination thereof; R is Al, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Sr, V, Zr, Ti, a rare earth element, or a combination thereof, and D is 0, F, S, P, or a combination thereof; and

0.90≤a≤1.8 and 0≤b≤0.5.

12. The electrochemical cell of claim 4 , wherein the cathode comprises a composite material represented by the structure of Formula:

x (Li 2-w A 1-v Q w+y O 3-θ )*(1 −x )(Li y Mn 2-z M z O 4-d )

wherein:

x is about 0.005 to about 0.1;

A comprises one or more of Mn or Ti;

Q comprises one or more of Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Mg, Nb, Ni, Ti, V, Zn, Zr or Y;

e is 0 to about 0.3;

v is 0 to about 0.5;

w is 0 to about 0.6;

M comprises one or more of Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Li, Mg, Mn, Nb, Ni, Si, Ti, V, Zn, Zr or Y;

d is 0 to about 0.5;

y is about 0 to about 1; and

z is about 0.3 to about 1; and

wherein the Li y Mn 2-z M z O 4-d component has a spinel structure and the Li 2-w Q w+v A 1 -vO 3-e component has a layered structure.

13. An electronic device, transportation device, or telecommunications device, comprising an electrochemical cell according to claim 4 .

14. A method comprising:

combining:

a) an organic carbonate selected from ethylene carbonate and/or propylene carbonate;

b) a fluorinated acyclic carboxylic acid ester selected from CH 3 —COO—CH 2 CF 2 H;

c) a cyclic sulfate selected from ethylene sulfate or propylene sulfate; and

d) at least one electrolyte salt;

to form an electrolyte composition;

wherein the electrolyte composition comprises about 0.5 weight percent to about 3 weight percent of the cyclic sulfate.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the organic carbonate is ethylene carbonate, and the cyclic sulfate is ethylene sulfate.

16. The electrolyte composition of claim 1 , wherein the organic carbonate is ethylene carbonate.

17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the organic carbonate is ethylene carbonate.