Resonator circuit having greater degrees of freedom, filter with improved tunability, and duplexer with improved tunability
A resonator circuit, a filter with improved tunability, and a duplexer with improved tunability are disclosed. In an embodiment, the resonator circuit includes a resonator, a Z transformer and an impedance circuit, wherein the impedance circuit has an impedance Z and includes an impedance element, wherein the Z transformer is interconnected between the resonator and the impedance circuit, and wherein the Z transformer transforms the impedance Z to a new impedance Z′≠Z and comprises a transformation circuit selected from: a generalized impedance converter (GIC), an negative impedance converter (NIC), a generalized impedance inverter (GII) and an negative impedance inverter (NII).
1. A resonator circuit comprising:
a resonator;
an impedance transformer; and
an impedance circuit configured to adjust a frequency spacing between a pole and a resonant frequency of the resonator circuit,
wherein the impedance circuit has a first impedance and includes an impedance element,
wherein the impedance transformer is interconnected between the resonator and the impedance circuit, and
wherein the impedance transformer is configured to transform the first impedance to a second impedance different from the first impedance and comprises a transformation circuit selected from: a generalized impedance converter (GIC), an negative impedance converter (NIC), a generalized impedance inverter (GII) and a negative impedance inverter (NII).
2. The resonator circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the resonator comprises at least one of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator, a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonator, or an LC resonant circuit.
3. The resonator circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the transformation circuit is the NIC and comprises two cross-connected transistors.
4. The resonator circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the impedance element is tunable.
5. The resonator circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the impedance element is a capacitive element.
6. The resonator circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the impedance element comprises a digitally tunable capacitor (DTC), a varactor, or a barium-strontium-titanate (BST)-based element.
7. The resonator circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the resonator, the impedance transformer and the impedance circuit are arranged on a common carrier.
8. The resonator circuit according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the impedance transformer or the impedance circuit is manufactured using CMOS technology or using a technology based on GaAs or SiGe.
9. The resonator circuit according to claim 1 , wherein:
at least one of the impedance transformer or the impedance circuit is formed in a semiconductor substrate,
the resonator is formed in or on a resonator substrate, and
the resonator substrate and the semiconductor substrate are stacked.
10. A radio frequency (RF) filter comprising:
one or more resonator circuits according to claim 1 .
11. The RF filter according to claim 10 , wherein the one or more resonator circuits are interconnected either exclusively in a signal path or exclusively in one or more shunt paths which interconnect the signal path with ground.
12. A duplexer comprising:
the RF filter according to claim 10 .
13. The duplexer according to claim 12 , wherein the duplexer comprises a tunable impedance element as the impedance element such that the duplexer is tunable in terms of its frequency properties.