Method and device for controlling an operation of an electric motor

1. A method for controlling an operation of an electric motor, the method comprising:

in a modulation, generating electric voltages which are applied to electric phases of the electric motor and outputting the electric voltages in a controlled fashion as a function of a rotor position of the electric motor and as a function of a setpoint/actual comparison of at least one first variable that characterizes a load of the electric motor or of an actual rotational speed of the electric motor;

determining that a field-weakening range of the electric motor has been reached when an upper limit of a degree of modulation which characterizes a predefined maximum amplitude of a motor voltage and/or a motor current is reached;

in response to determining that the field-weakening range of the electric motor is reached, adding a predefined pilot-control angle and a further regulated pilot-control angle component to a rotor position angle, which characterizes a rotor position, to form a composite angle;

in response to determining that the field-weakening range is reached, using the composite angle to characterize the rotor position in the modulation;

determining the pilot-control angle as a function of an actual rotational speed and of at least one second variable, which characterizes a load of the electric motor, from a pilot-control angle characteristic diagram, and adding the further regulated pilot-control angle component to the pilot-control angle;

using at least one of a currently requested motor voltage, a current direct current, a phase current which is determined from the direct current and a pulse duty factor, a measured phase current and/or a torque as the at least one second variable that characterizes the load of the electric motor; and

when the field-weakening range is reached, defining the degree of modulation at its upper limit, and carrying out the modulation of the electric voltages by regulating the pilot-control angle.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pilot-control angle is predefined for an armature actuation range of the electric motor.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a maximum value of the pilot-control angle is predefined.

4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the pilot-control angle is predefined such that a regulation reserve is generated during the modulation for a voltage as a manipulated variable.

5. The method according to claim 1 , which comprises using at least one of a rotational speed, a torque, and/or a motor current as the first variable the characterizes the load of the electric motor.

6. The method according to claim 1 , which comprises generating the pilot-control angle characteristic diagram by determining pilot-control angles at rotational speed operating points and torque operating points of the electric motor at which at least one efficiency level of the electric motor is maximized.

7. The method according to claim 1 , which comprises determining the voltages as a function of the composite angle in a space vector modulation.

8. A device for controlling an operation of an electric motor, the device comprising:

a supply unit for a controlled outputting of electric voltages at electric phases of the electric motor;

at least one detection unit coupled to said supply unit and configured for detecting a rotor position of the electric motor;

at least one closed-loop controller for carrying out a setpoint/actual comparison of a first variable that characterizes a load of the electric motor;

a memory having stored therein a pilot-control angle characteristic diagram;

a control unit connected to said memory and configured for determining a pilot-control angle from the pilot-control angle characteristic diagram, in order to add a pilot-control angle and a further regulated pilot-control angle component to a rotor position angle, which characterizes the rotor position, to form a composite angle, for determining the voltages as a function of the composite angle when a field-weakening range of the electric motor is reached, and for controlling the outputting of the electric voltages to the electric phases of the electric motor by said supply unit;

said control unit configured for determining the pilot-control angle as a function of an actual rotational speed and of at least one second variable, which characterizes a load of the electric motor, from a pilot-control angle characteristic diagram;

said control unit configured for determining that the field-weakening range of the electric motor has been reached when an upper limit of a degree of modulation which characterizes a predefined maximum amplitude of a motor voltage and/or a motor current is reached;

said control unit configured for using at least one of a currently requested motor voltage, a current direct current, a phase current which is determined from the direct current and a pulse duty factor, a measured phase current and/or a torque as the at least one second variable that characterizes the load of the electric motor; and

said control unit configured for, when the field-weakening range is reached, defining the degree of modulation at its upper limit, and carrying out the modulation of the electric voltages by regulating the pilot-control angle.

9. The device according to claim 8 , wherein said closed-loop controller is a rotational speed controller, a torque controller or a power controller or comprises the power controller.

10. The device according to claim 8 , wherein said closed-loop controller includes a rotational speed controller, a torque controller or a power controller.

11. The device according to claim 8 , wherein said supply unit comprises a bridge circuit.

12. The device according to claim 11 , wherein said bridge circuit is a B6 bridge circuit.