One-coat encapsulated graphite heater and process
View Patent ↗A coated graphite heater. The heater has a configuration comprising a plurality of heating elements having a major portion disposed parallel to an upper surface of the heater so that the major portion is disposed horizontally. The heater configuration provides a heater that exhibits reduced thermal stress and/or reduced CTE mismatch stress particularly compared to designs having heating elements with a major portion oriented perpendicular to the plane of the upper surface of the heater.
1. A heater comprising:
a graphite body comprising at least one heating element configured to form a pattern for an electrical flow path, wherein the at least one heating element defines a contiguous path defining a gap between the at least one heating element, wherein the gap is defined by a space between a first inner surface of the heating element and a second inner surface of the heating element, and wherein the first inner surface has a recessed area defining a first slot and the second inner surface has a recessed area defining a second slot;
a structural insert positioned in the first and second slots; and
a coating layer encapsulating the patterned graphite body and the structural insert.
2. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the structural insert comprises at least one of a nitride, carbide, carbonitride or oxynitride of elements selected from a group consisting of B, Al, Si, Ga, refractory hard metals, transition metals, and rare earth metals, or complexes and/or combinations of two or more thereof.
3. The heater of claim 2 , wherein the structural insert comprises at least one of pyrolytic boron nitride (pBN), aluminum nitride, titanium aluminum nitride, titanium nitride, titanium aluminum carbonitride, titanium carbide, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride, or complexes and/or combinations of two or more thereof.
4. The heater of claim 3 , wherein the structural insert comprises pyrolytic boron nitride (pBN).
5. The heater of claim 1 having an outer surface that defines the plane of the heating element, and the structural insert, is oriented in the plane of the heating element.
6. The heater of claim 1 having an outer surface that defines the plane of the heating element, and the structural insert is oriented perpendicular to the plane of the heating element.
7. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the heater defines an outer surface, and the structural insert is inserted into a portion of the outer surface of the heater.
8. The heater of claim 1 comprising a plurality of structural inserts.
9. The heater of claim 1 wherein the structural insert includes a locking feature.
10. The heater of claim 9 wherein the locking feature comprises a structural insert having a dovetail or key hole shape.
11. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the coating comprises a nitride, carbide, carbonitride or oxynitride of elements selected from a group consisting of B, Al, Si, Ga, refractory hard metals, transition metals, and rare earth metals, or complexes and/or combinations of two or more thereof.
12. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the structural insert and the coating layer comprise the same material and wherein the material comprises at least one of a nitride, carbide, carbonitride or oxynitride of elements selected from a group consisting of B, Al, Si, Ga, refractory hard metals, transition metals, and rare earth metals, or complexes and/or combinations of two or more thereof.
13. The heater of claim 12 , wherein the structural insert and the coating layer each comprise pyrolytic boron nitride (pBN).
14. A method of forming a heater comprising:
providing a graphite body comprising at least one heating element configured to form a pattern for an electrical flow path, the at least one heating element defining a contiguous path defining a gap between the at least one heating element, wherein the gap is defined by a space between a first inner surface of the heating element and a second inner surface of the heating element, and wherein the first inner surface has a recessed area defining a first slot and the second inner surface has a recessed area defining a second slot;
inserting a structural insert into the first and second slots; and
applying a coating layer encapsulating the patterned graphite body and the structural insert.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the at least one heating element defines a longitudinal plane, and the structural insert is inserted in the plane of the longitudinal plane.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the at least one heating element defines a longitudinal plane, and the structural insert is inserted perpendicular the longitudinal plane.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the structural insert is a plate comprising a plurality of pegs on a lower surface thereof, and inserting the structural insert comprises inserting the plurality of pegs into a plurality of corresponding slots in an outer surface of the graphite body.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the structural insert and the coating independently comprise a material chosen from at least one of a nitride, carbide, carbonitride or oxynitride of elements selected from a group consisting of B, Al, Si, Ga, refractory hard metals, transition metals, and rare earth metals, or complexes and/or combinations of two or more thereof.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the structural insert and the coating comprise the same material.
20. The method of claim 14 , wherein the material of the structural insert has a coefficient of thermal expansion, the material of the coating has a coefficient of thermal expansion, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the structural insert material is within 40% of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the coating material.