Lithium electrode and lithium battery including same

1. A lithium electrode comprising:

an electrode layer comprising lithium; and

a protective layer which is provided on at least one surface of the electrode layer and comprises a lithium ion conductive polymer comprising at least one functional group selected from —SO 3 Li, —COOLi, and —OLi,

wherein the lithium ion conductive polymer comprises a copolymer comprising a repeating unit of the following Chemical Formula A and a repeating unit of the following Chemical Formula B:

X 1 —O—X 2 —O m   [Chemical Formula A]

X 3 —O—Y 1 —O n   [Chemical Formula B]

in Chemical Formulae A and B,

m and n mean the number of repeating units,

1≤m≤500, and 1≤n≤500,

X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently represented by any one of the following Chemical Formulae 1 to 3,

in Chemical Formulae 1 to 3,

L 1 is a direct bond, or any one of —CZ 2 Z 3 —, —CO—, —O—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —SiZ 2 Z 3 —, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent fluorene group,

Z 2 and Z 3 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently any one of hydrogen, an alkyl group, a trifluoromethyl group (—CF 3 ), and a phenyl group,

S 1 to S 5 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently hydrogen; deuterium; a halogen group; a cyano group; a nitrile group; a nitro group; a hydroxy group; a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group; a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted boron group; a substituted or unsubstituted amine group; a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group,

a, b, c, p, and q are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 4 or less,

p+q≤6,

a′ is an integer of 1 or more and 5 or less,

in Chemical Formula B, Y 1 is represented by any one of the following Chemical Formulae 4 to 6,

in Chemical Formulae 4 to 6,

L 2 is a direct bond, or any one selected from —CO—, —SO 2 —, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent fluorene group,

d, e, f, g, and h are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 4 or less,

f+g≤6,

b′ is an integer of 1 or more and 5 or less, and

T 1 to T 5 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently, at least one is —SO 3 Li, —COOLi, or —OLi, and the others are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently hydrogen; deuterium; a halogen group; a cyano group; a nitrile group; a nitro group; a hydroxy group; a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group; a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted boron group; a substituted or unsubstituted amine group; a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.

2. The lithium electrode of claim 1 , wherein X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently any one selected from the following structural formulae:

in the structural formulae, R and R′ are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently —NO 2 or —CF 3 .

3. The lithium electrode of claim 1 , wherein Y 1 is any one selected from the following structural formulae:

in the structural formulae, Q is —SO 3 Li, —COOLi, or —OLi, and Q′ is hydrogen, —SO 3 Li, —COOLi, or —OLi.

4. The lithium electrode of claim 1 , wherein the copolymer further comprises a repeating unit of the following Chemical Formula C:

in Chemical Formula C, Z is a trivalent organic group.

5. The lithium electrode of claim 4 , wherein Z is represented by the following Chemical Formula C-1 or C-2:

in Chemical Formulae C-1 and C-2,

Z 1 is represented by any one of the following Chemical Formulae 7 to 9,

in Chemical Formulae 7 to 9,

L 3 to L 6 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently a direct bond, or —O—, —CO—, or —SO 2 —,

E 1 to E 7 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently hydrogen; deuterium; a halogen group; a cyano group; a nitrile group; a nitro group; a hydroxy group; a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group; a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted boron group; a substituted or unsubstituted amine group; a substituted or unsubstituted alkylamine group; a substituted or unsubstituted aralkylamine group; a substituted or unsubstituted arylamine group; a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylamine group; a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group; a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group; or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group,

c′, d′, e′, and h′ are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 4 or less,

f′, g′, and i′ are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less, and

X 4 and X 5 are each independently the same as the definition of X 3 or Y 1 of Chemical Formula B.

6. The lithium electrode of claim 4 , wherein Z 1 is any one selected from the following structural formulae:

7. The lithium electrode of claim 1 , wherein the copolymer has a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or more and 1,000,000 or less.

8. The lithium electrode of claim 1 , wherein the protective layer further comprises inorganic particles dispersed in the lithium ion conductive polymer.

9. The lithium electrode of claim 8 , wherein the inorganic particle is a compound of one or more selected from a group consisting of Al 2 O 3 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , MgO, NiO, CaO, ZnO, ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SiC, LiBH 4 , Li 3 N, Li 2 NH, Li 2 BNH 6 , Li 1.8 N 0.4 Cl 0.6 , Li 3 P—LiCl, Li 4 SiO 4 , Li 3 PS 4 , Li 3 SiS 4 , Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 , Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4 , Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ge 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 , Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 , LiTi 0.5 Zr 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 , Li 14 Zn(GeO 4 ) 4 , Li 0.35 La 0.55 TiO 3 , Li 0.5 La 0.5 TiO 3 , and Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 .

10. The lithium electrode of claim 8 , wherein the inorganic particle has a particle diameter of 1 nm to 10 μm.

11. The lithium electrode of claim 8 , wherein the inorganic particles are comprised in an amount of 10 to 90 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the lithium ion conductive polymer.

12. The lithium electrode of claim 1 , wherein the protective layer has a thickness of 0.01 to 50 μm.

13. The lithium electrode of claim 1 , wherein the lithium comprised in the electrode layer is comprised in a form of a lithium metal; a lithium metal alloy; or a composite of lithium and at least one selected from a group consisting of carbons such as coke, activated carbon, graphite, graphitized carbon, carbon nanotubes, or graphene.

14. The lithium electrode of claim 13 , wherein the lithium metal alloy is an alloy of lithium and one or more selected from a group consisting of Al, Mg, Si, Sn, B, and Fe.

15. A lithium battery comprising the lithium electrode of claim 1 .

16. The lithium battery of claim 15 , wherein the lithium electrode is a negative electrode.