Fluorogen activating and shifting tag (FAST)
Disclosed is a functional derivative of a Photoactive Yellow Protein (PYP), or a functional fragment thereof, for fluorescently labelling particles, e.g. proteins, or surfaces, which is capable of binding reversibly a fluorogenic chromophore of formula (I), and which is capable of enhancing the brightness of the fluorogenic chromophore upon complexation thereto; and of inducing the spectral shift of the fluorogenic chromophore through the ionization of an auxochromic group thereof.
1. A a functional photoactive yellow protein (PYP) polypeptide comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, or a sequence having at least 70% identity with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, wherein said sequence further comprises one or more amino acid substitutions in the amino acid region at position 94-101 with reference to SEQ ID NO: 48, one of said substitutions being a proline at position 97 with reference to SEQ ID NO: 48, and wherein said polypeptide binds reversibly a fluorogenic chromophore with:
a K D ranging from about 0.05 to about 10 μM when measured at a temperature of about 25° C.; and/or
a k off ranging from about 1 to about 50 s −1 when measured at a temperature of about 25° C.; and/or
a k on ranging from about 0.1×10 7 to about 50×10 7 M −1 s −1 when measured at a temperature of about 25° C.
2. The functional PYP polypeptide according to claim 1 , comprising the sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, and SEQ ID NO: 55.
3. The functional PYP polypeptide according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more amino acid substitutions in the amino acid region at position 94-101 of SEQ ID NO: 48 or at a corresponding position of the sequence having at least 70% identity with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48 comprise one of:
a tryptophan at position 94;
an amino acid residue with branched aliphatic side chain selected from isoleucine, valine or leucine, at position 96; or
a threonine at position 98;
with reference to SEQ ID NO: 48.
4. The functional PYP polypeptide according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more amino acid substitutions in the amino acid region at position 94-101 of SEQ ID NO: 48 or at a corresponding position of a sequence having at least 70% identity with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48 comprise two of:
a tryptophan at position 94;
an amino acid residue with branched aliphatic side chain selected from isoleucine, valine or leucine, at position 96; and/or
a threonine at position 98;
with reference to SEQ ID NO: 48.
5. The functional PYP polypeptide according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more amino acid substitutions in the amino acid region at position 94-101 of SEQ ID NO: 48 or at a corresponding position of a sequence having at least 70% identity with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48 comprise:
a tryptophan at position 94;
an amino acid residue with branched aliphatic side chain selected from isoleucine, valine or leucine, at position 96; and
a threonine at position 98;
with reference to SEQ ID NO: 48.
6. The functional PYP polypeptide according to claim 1 , comprising an amino acid region at position 94-101 of SEQ ID NO: 48 or at a corresponding position of a sequence having at least 70% identity with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48 selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ ID NO: 98, SEQ ID NO: 99, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 105, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, SEQ ID NO: 109, SEQ ID NO: 110, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113, SEQ ID NO: 114, SEQ ID NO: 115, SEQ ID NO: 116, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119, SEQ ID NO: 120, SEQ ID NO: 121, SEQ ID NO: 122, SEQ ID NO: 123, SEQ ID NO: 124, SEQ ID NO: 125, SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 127 and SEQ ID NO: 128.
7. The functional PYP polypeptide according to claim 1 , wherein the sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48 further comprises one or more amino acid substitutions in the amino acid region at position 94-101, one of said substitutions being a proline at position 97, is a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46 and SEQ ID NO: 47.
8. The functional PYP polypeptide according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorogenic chromophore has a formula (I):
wherein
R1, R2, R5 and R6 may be identical or different and each represents H, halo, hydroxyl, aryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one group selected from halo, hydroxyl, oxo, nitro, amido, carboxy, amino, cyano, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl;
R3 represents a non-binding doublet (i.e. a free pair of electrons) or H, halo, hydroxyl, aryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one group selected from halo, hydroxyl, oxo, nitro, amido, carboxy, amino, cyano, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl;
R4 is a single or a double bound, interrupted or terminated by S, O or N atom, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one group selected from H, hydroxyl, aryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one group selected from halo, hydroxyl, oxo, nitro, amido, carboxy, amino, cyano, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl;
X is OH, SH, NHR7, or N(R7) 2 , wherein R7 is H, halo, hydroxyl, aryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one group selected from halo, hydroxyl, oxo, nitro, amido, carboxy, amino, cyano, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl; and
Y is O, NH or S.
9. The functional PYP polypeptide according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorogenic chromophore has a formula (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII) or (VIII):
10. The functional PYP polypeptide according to claim 1 fused to a protein of interest.
11. A polynucleotide encoding the functional PYP polypeptide according to claim 1 .
12. A method for quantifying and/or detecting protein activity, protein localization, protein-protein interactions, and/or protein relocation in any solid or liquid sample, cells or tissues or organisms of interest, comprising:
binding the target to quantify and/or detect with a functional photoactive yellow protein (PYP) polypeptide, wherein said polypeptide has a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48 or a sequence having at least 70% identity with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, said sequence further comprising one or more amino acid substitutions in the amino acid region at position 94-101 with reference to SEQ ID NO: 48, one of said substitutions being a proline at position 97 with reference to SEQ ID NO: 48, and wherein said polypeptide binds reversibly a fluorogenic chromophore with
a K D ranging from about 0.05 to about 10 μM when measured at a temperature of about 25° C.; and/or
a k off ranging from about 1 to about 50s −1 when measured at a temperature of about 25° C.; and/or
a k on ranging from about 0.1×10 7 to about 50×10 7 M −1 s −1 when measured at a temperature of about 25° C.; and
providing a fluorogenic chromophore.
13. The method of claim 12 for fluorescently labeling or coloring a surface or a particle comprising the steps of:
binding to the surface or particle a functional photoactive yellow protein (PYP) polypeptide, wherein said polypeptide has a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48 or a sequence having at least 70% identity with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, said sequence further comprising one or more amino acid substitutions in the amino acid region at position 94-101 with reference to SEQ ID NO: 48, one of said substitutions being a proline at position 97 with reference to SEQ ID NO: 48, and wherein said polypeptide binds reversibly a fluorogenic chromophore with:
a K D ranging from about 0.05 to about 10 μM when measured at a temperature of about 25° C.; and/or
a K off ranging from about 1 to about 50 s −1 when measured at a temperature of about 25° C.; and/or
a k on ranging from about 0.1×10 7 to about 50×10 7 M −1 s −1 when measured at a temperature of about 25° C.; and
providing a fluorogenic chromophore.
14. The method of claim 12 for sequentially labelling proteins in a sample with at least two functional photoactive yellow protein (PYP) polypeptides, wherein said polypeptides have a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48 or a sequence having at least 70% identity with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, said sequence further comprising one or more amino acid substitutions in the amino acid region at position 94-101 with reference to SEQ ID NO: 48, one of said substitutions being a proline at position 97 with reference to SEQ ID NO: 48, binding to at least two fluorogenic chromophores with:
a K D ranging from about 0.05 to about 10 μM when measured at a temperature of about 25° C.; and/or
a k off ranging from about 1 to about 50 s −1 when measured at a temperature of about 25° C.; and/or
a k on ranging from about 0.1×10 7 to about 50×10 7 M −1 s −1 when measured at a temperature of about 25° C.;
wherein the method comprises:
contacting said sample with a first fluorogenic chromophore;
measuring fluorescence;
washing the sample to turn the fluorescence off;
contacting said sample with a second fluorogenic chromophore;
measuring fluorescence;
washing the sample to turn the fluorescence off;
repeating the previous steps with each fluorogenic chromophore.
15. A method of identifying functional photoactive yellow protein PYP polypeptides capable of binding to a fluorogenic chromophore with:
a K D ranging from about 0.05 to about 10 μM when measured at a temperature of about 25° C.; and/or
a k off ranging from about 1 to about 50 s −1 when measured at a temperature of about 25° C.; and/or
a k on ranging from about 0.1.10 7 to about 50.10 7 M −1 s −1 when measured at a temperature of about 25° C.;
wherein said method comprises:
randomly mutating a PYP sequence comprising a proline at position 97 with reference to SEQ ID NO:48, wherein the PYP sequence is selected from SEQ ID NO: 48-81;
measuring the kinetic constant of association of mutated PYP with the fluorogenic chromophore; and
selecting mutated PYP with specified K D , k on and/or k off .