Early prediction markers of diabetic nephropathy
The present invention concerns a method for the in vitro detection of an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy in a subject suffering from diabetes and being normoalbuminuric. Another aspect of the invention pertains to a method for the in vitro identification of a marker for prediction of diabetic nephropathy. Finally, the invention concerns a kit comprising means for detecting at least two proteins selected from the group consisting of heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein or fragments thereof, carbonic anhydrase 1, prothrombin or fragments thereof, tetranectin, CD59 glycoprotein, plasma serine protease inhibitor, mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2 or isoforms thereof, antithrombin-III, alpha-1-antitrypsin, collagen alpha-1(I) chain, alpha-enolase, histone H2B type 1-O, glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase, protein AMBP and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein.
1. A method for identifying risk of developing diabetic nephropathy in a normoalbuminuric diabetic and treating comprising:
(a) obtaining a urine sample from a normoalbuminuric diabetic subject, wherein the subject is capable of developing microalbuminuria after a physical exercise test,
(b) measuring the protein expression level of carbonic anhydrase 1 in the urine sample,
(c) identifying the normoalbuminuric diabetic subject of step (a) at increased risk of developing diabetic nephropathy when the protein expression level of carbonic anhydrase 1 is at least 10% higher than a pre-determined value,
wherein the predetermined value is a level of the carbonic anhydrase 1 protein measured in a urine sample obtained from a control normoalbuminuric diabetic subject suffering from diabetes and determined not to be at risk for diabetic nephropathy by either absence of microalbuminuria after the physical exercise test or absence of clinical symptoms for at least 2 years; and
(d) administering drugs that lower blood pressure to the identified subject of (c), wherein the drugs are selected from angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs).
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said normoalbuminuric diabetic subject has type-1 or type-2 diabetes.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said measuring the expression level of step (b) comprises gel electrophoresis, 2D gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, or an immunological assay to determine the expression level of carbonic anhydrase 1.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said mass spectroscopy is targeted mass spectroscopy or LC/MS-MS.
5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said immunological assay is an ELISA, a multiplex immunoassay or an antibody array.
6. The method according to claim 1 , said method further comprising:
obtaining a second urine sample from the normoalbuminuric diabetic subject, said urine sample being taken from the subject after a physical exercise test.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the exercise test comprises a cycle ergometer.