Garments having stretchable and conductive ink
Methods of forming garments having one or more stretchable conductive ink patterns. Described herein are method of making garments (including compression garments) having one or more highly stretchable conductive ink pattern formed of a composite of an insulative adhesive, a conductive ink, and an intermediate gradient zone between the adhesive and conductive ink. The conductive ink typically includes between about 40-60% conductive particles, between about 30-50% binder; between about 3-7% solvent; and between about 3-7% thickener. The stretchable conductive ink patterns may be stretched more than twice their length without breaking or rupturing.
1. A wearable electronics device, the device comprising:
a garment comprising a fabric; and
at least one conductive ink pattern on the garment, wherein the conductive ink pattern comprises:
a layer of conductive ink having: between about 40-60% conductive particles, between about 30-50% binder; between about 3-7% solvent; and between about 3-7% thickener;
a layer of an elastic adhesive on the garment; and
a gradient region between the conductive ink and the adhesive having a thickness of greater than about 10 μm, the gradient region comprising a nonhomogeneous mixture of the conductive ink and the adhesive wherein the concentration of conductive ink decreases from a region closer to the layer of conductive ink to the layer of elastic adhesive.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the layer of elastic adhesive is greater than the thickness of the gradient region and the thickness of the layer of conductive ink is less than the thickness of the elastic layer.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the garment is a compression garment.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive particles comprise particles of carbon black.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive particles comprise particles of one or more of: carbon black, mica, graphene, graphite, silver metal powder, copper metal powder, or iron metal powder.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the binder comprises acrylic binder.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises propylenyc glycol.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the thickener comprises polyurethanic thickener.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the elastic adhesive comprises a thermo-adhesive water-based glue that is electrically insulative.
10. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an insulating resin at least partially over the layer of conductive ink.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive ink pattern comprises a plurality of layers of the conductive ink.
12. The device of claim 1 , wherein a resistivity of the conductive trace is less than about 10 Kohms/square.
13. The device of claim 1 , wherein a resistivity of the conductive pattern varies with applied stretch.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive ink pattern is configured to stretch up to 500% of a resting length without breaking.
15. The device of claim 1 , wherein conductive ink pattern is formed as a sensor.
16. The device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive ink pattern is formed as a trace.
17. The device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive ink pattern is configured as an electrode.
18. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a conductive wire coupled to the garment and connected at one end to the conductive ink pattern.
19. A wearable electronics device, the device comprising:
a garment comprising a compression fabric; and
at least one stretchable and conductive ink pattern on the garment having a sheet resistivity of less than about 10 Kohms/square, wherein the conductive ink pattern is stretchable up to at least about 100% without breaking, and comprises:
a layer of conductive ink having: between about 40-60% conductive particles, between about 30-50% binder; between about 3-7% solvent; and between about 3-7% thickener;
a layer of an elastic adhesive on the garment;
a gradient region greater than about 10 μm between the conductive ink and the adhesive, the gradient region comprising a nonhomogeneous mixture of the conductive ink and the adhesive wherein the concentration of conductive ink decreases from a region closer to the layer of conductive ink to the layer of elastic adhesive; and
an insulating resin over at least a portion of the layer of conductive ink.
20. The device of claim 19 , wherein the conductive particles comprise particles of one or more of: carbon black, graphene, graphite, silver metal powder, copper metal powder, or iron metal powder.
21. The device of claim 19 , wherein the binder comprises acrylic binder.
22. The device of claim 19 , wherein the solvent comprises propylenyc glycol.
23. The device of claim 19 , wherein the thickener comprises polyurethanic thickener.
24. The device of claim 19 , wherein the elastic adhesive comprises a thermo-adhesive water-based glue that is electrically insulative.
25. The device of claim 19 , wherein the conductive ink pattern is configured as an electrode.
26. The device of claim 19 , further comprising a conductive wire coupled to the garment and connected at one end to the conductive ink pattern.
27. A wearable electronics device, the device comprising:
a garment comprising a fabric;
at least one conductive ink pattern on the garment, wherein the conductive ink pattern comprises:
a layer of conductive ink having: between about 40-60% conductive particles, between about 30-50% binder; between about 3-7% solvent; and between about 3-7% thickener;
a layer of an elastic adhesive on the garment; and
a gradient region between the conductive ink and the adhesive, the gradient region comprising a nonhomogeneous mixture of the conductive ink and the adhesive wherein the concentration of conductive ink decreases from a region closer to the layer of conductive ink to the layer of elastic adhesive; and
a conductive wire coupled to the fabric and electrically connected at one end region to the conductive ink, wherein the conductive wire extends along garment in a sinusoidal or zig-zag pattern.
28. The device of claim 27 , wherein the conductive thread is stitched onto the compression fabric.
29. The device of claim 27 , wherein the conductive thread is glued onto the compression fabric.