Positive electrode active material, positive electrode, battery, battery pack, electronic device, electric vehicle, power storage device, and power system
A positive electrode active material includes: a composite particle that includes a particle containing a lithium transition metal composite oxide of Li and Co and a layer that is provided on a surface of the particle and includes an oxide of Li, Ni and Mn. Ni and Mn have a concentration distribution centered on the center from a surface of the composite particle, in a depth range in which a ratio d (%) satisfies 0.04%≤d≤0.20%, a mole fraction r n of Ni and a mole fraction r m of Mn are within ranges of 0.05≤r n and 0.05≤r m , respectively, and a ratio r n2 /r n1 and a ratio r m2 /r m1 are within ranges of 0.85≤r n2 /r n1 ≤1.0 and 0.85≤r m2 /r m1 ≤1.0, respectively.
1. A positive electrode active material, comprising
a composite particle that includes a particle containing a lithium transition metal composite oxide of Li and Co and a layer that is provided on a surface of the particle and includes an oxide of Li, Ni and Mn, wherein
Ni and Mn have a concentration distribution centered on a center from a surface of the composite particle,
in a depth range in which a ratio d (%) satisfies 0.04%≤d≤0.20%, a mole fraction r n of Ni and a mole fraction r m of Mn are within ranges of 0.05≤r n ≤0.10 and 0.05≤r m ≤0.10, respectively, and
when the mole fractions r n and r m of Ni and Mn in a depth in which the ratio d (%) satisfies d=0.04% are set as r n1 and r m1 , respectively, and the mole fractions r n and r m of Ni and Mn in a depth in which the ratio d (%) satisfies d=0.20% are set as r n2 and r m2 , respectively, a ratio r n2 /r n1 and a ratio r m2 /r m1 are within ranges of 0.85≤r n2 /r n1 ≤1.0 and 0.85≤r m2 /r m1 ≤1.0, respectively
(where the ratio d (%)=[((mass of Co)+(mass of Ni)+(mass of Mn))/(total mass of composite particles)]×100; the mole fraction r n of Ni=(amount of substance of Ni)/((amount of substance of Co)+(amount of substance of Ni)+(amount of substance of Mn)); the mole fraction r m =(amount of substance of Mn)/((amount of substance of Co)+(amount of substance of Ni)+(amount of substance of Mn))).
2. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the mole fraction r n of Ni and the mole fraction r m of Mn decrease toward the center from a surface of the composite particle.
3. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide included in the particle has a layered rock salt structure.
4. The positive electrode active material according to claim 3 ,
wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide has an average composition that is represented by a following expression (A)
Li x Co 1-y M y O 2-z (A)
(where M is at least one of Mg, Al, B, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, W, Zr, Y, Nb, Ca, Sr, Bi, Na, K, Si, P, Mn, and Ni; x is 0≤x≤1.0; y is 0≤y≤0.50; z is −0.10≤z≤0.20).
5. A positive electrode, comprising
a positive electrode active material that includes a composite particle containing a particle including a lithium transition metal composite oxide of Li and Co and a layer that is provided on a surface of the particle and includes an oxide of Li, Ni and Mn, wherein
Ni and Mn have a concentration distribution centered on a center from a surface of the composite particle,
in a depth range in which a ratio d (%) satisfies 0.04%≤d≤0.20%, a mole fraction r n of Ni and a mole fraction r m of Mn are within ranges of 0.05≤r n ≤0.10 and 0.05≤r m ≤0.10, respectively, and
when the mole fractions r n and r m of Ni and Mn in a depth in which the ratio d (%) satisfies d=0.04% are set as r n1 and r m1 , respectively, and the mole fractions r n and r m of Ni and Mn in a depth in which the ratio d (%) satisfies d=0.20% are set as r n2 and r m2 , respectively, a ratio r n2 /r n1 and a ratio r m2 /r m1 are within ranges of 0.85≤r n2 /r n1 ≤1.0 and 0.85≤r m2 /r m1 ≤1.0, respectively
(where the ratio d (%)=[((mass of Co)+(mass of Ni)+(mass of Mn))/(total mass of composite particles)]×100; the mole fraction r n of Ni=(amount of substance of Ni)/((amount of substance of Co)+(amount of substance of Ni)+(amount of substance of Mn)); the mole fraction r m =(amount of substance of Mn)/((amount of substance of Co)+(amount of substance of Ni)+(amount of substance of Mn))).
6. A battery, comprising:
a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material;
a negative electrode; and
an electrolyte, wherein
the positive electrode active material includes a composite particle that includes a particle containing a lithium transition metal composite oxide of Li and Co and a layer that is provided on a surface of the particle and includes an oxide of Li, Ni and Mn,
Ni and Mn have a concentration distribution centered on a center from a surface of the composite particle,
in a depth range in which a ratio d (%) satisfies 0.04%≤d≤0.20%, a mole fraction r n of Ni and a mole fraction r m of Mn are within ranges of 0.05≤r n ≤0.10 and 0.05≤r m ≤0.10, respectively, and
when the mole fractions r n and r m of Ni and Mn in a depth in which the ratio d (%) satisfies d=0.04% are set as r n1 and r m1 , respectively, and the mole fractions r n and r m of Ni and Mn in a depth in which the ratio d (%) satisfies d=0.20% are set as r n2 and r m2 , respectively, a ratio r n2 /r n1 and a ratio r m2 /r m1 are within ranges of 0.85≤r n2 /r n1 ≤1.0 and 0.85≤r m2 /r m1 ≤1.0, respectively
(where the ratio d (%)=[((mass of Co)+(mass of Ni)+(mass of Mn))/(total mass of composite particles)]×100; the mole fraction r n of Ni=(amount of substance of Ni)/((amount of substance of Co)+(amount of substance of Ni)+(amount of substance of Mn)); the mole fraction r m =(amount of substance of Mn)/((amount of substance of Co)+(amount of substance of Ni)+(amount of substance of Mn))).
7. A battery pack, comprising:
the battery according to claim 6 .
8. An electronic device, comprising:
the battery according to claim 6 ,
wherein the electronic device receives power supply from the battery.
9. An electric vehicle, comprising:
the battery according to claim 6 ;
a conversion device configured to perform conversion into driving power of the electric vehicle upon reception of power supply from the battery; and
a control device configured to perform information processing regarding vehicle control based on information regarding the battery.
10. A power storage device, comprising:
the battery according to claim 6 ,
wherein the power storage device supplies power to an electronic device connected to the battery.
11. The power storage device according to claim 10 , further comprising
a power information control device configured to transmit and receive a signal to and from another device via a network,
wherein the power storage device performs charge/discharge control of the battery based on information received by the power information control device.
12. A power system, comprising:
the battery according to claim 6 ,
wherein the power system receives power supply from the battery, or allows power to be supplied to the battery from a power generation apparatus or a power network.