Method of forming an integral manifold
A method of forming an integral manifold adjacent a cell stack of a flowing electrolyte battery enables improved bonding of a molten material to the battery cell stack. The method includes defining a mould cavity adjacent the cell stack, with the mould cavity open to capillary openings of half cells of the cell stack; locating a plurality of pins in the mould cavity, with end regions of the pins being contiguous with the capillary openings; preheating the mould cavity by passing a fluid into a first end of the mould cavity and out of a second end of the mould cavity; and filling the mould cavity with molten material.
1. A method of forming an integral manifold adjacent a cell stack of a flowing electrolyte battery, the method including:
defining a mould cavity adjacent the cell stack, with the mould cavity open to capillary openings of half cells of the cell stack, and wherein the mould cavity is defined as a space between a formwork, a manifold core positioned inside the mould cavity to define a manifold cavity, an edge of a cell stack, and a plurality of pins, wherein the plurality of pins pass through the manifold core;
locating the plurality of pins in the mould cavity, with end regions of the pins being contiguous with the capillary openings;
extending formwork above the cell stack to form a top port and extending formwork below the cell stack to form a bottom port;
pre-heating the mould cavity by passing a first molten material into a first end of the mould cavity and out of a second end of the mould cavity; and
after pre-heating the mould cavity, filling the mould cavity with a second molten material.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
cooling the pins.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising passing coolant fluid into a first end of the manifold core and out of a second end of the manifold core to cool the plurality of pins.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first molten material used during pre-heating is the same material as the second molten material used during filling the mould cavity.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a sprue and a gate are connected to the top port.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the sprue is fluidly connected to the mould cavity and the gate is fluidly connected to the manifold cavity.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein an overflow well or a valve is connected to to the second end of the mould cavity.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:
passing coolant fluid through the gate and into a first end of the manifold core and out of a second end of the manifold core to cool the plurality of pins; and
wherein passing the first molten material into the first end of the mould cavity and out of the second end of the mould cavity comprises passing the first molten material into the sprue, through the mould cavity, and into the overflow well.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein passing coolant fluid through the gate and into a first end of the manifold core and out of a second end of the manifold core is performed simultaneously with passing the first molten material into the first end of the mould cavity and out of the second end of the mould cavity.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein a pressure inside the mould cavity does not exceed 10 bar during pre-heating the mould cavity.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein a pressure inside the mould cavity does not exceed 30 bar during filling the mould cavity with the second molten material.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein during pre-heating the molten material passes out of the second end of the mould cavity for less than ten seconds.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
cutting a sprue or gate from the first end of the mould cavity; and
cutting an overflow well from the second end of the mould cavity.
14. An integral manifold for a flowing electrolyte battery formed in accordance with the method of claim 1 .