Membrane
An electrolyte membrane including (i) a porous mat of nanofibres, wherein the nanofibres are composed of a non-ionically conducting heterocyclic-based polymer, the heterocyclic-based polymer comprising basic functional groups and being soluble in organic solvent; and (ii) an ion-conducting polymer which is a partially- or fully-fluorinated sulphonic acid polymer. The porous mat is essentially fully impregnated with ion-conducting polymer, and the thickness of the porous mat in the electrolyte membrane is distributed across at least 80% of the thickness of the electrolyte membrane. Such a membrane is of use in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell or an electrolyser.
1. An electrolyte membrane comprising:
(i) a porous mat of entangled nanofibres, wherein the nanofibres are electrospun, and wherein the nanofibres are composed of a non-ionically conducting heterocyclic-based polymer, wherein the heterocyclic-based polymer is selected from the group consisting of polybenzimidazoles, poly(pyridine), poly(pyrimidine), polybenzthiazoles, polyoxadiazoles, polyquinolines, polyquinoxalines, polythiadiazoles, polytriazoles, polyoxazoles and polythiazoles and derivatives thereof, and the heterocyclic-based polymer comprising basic functional groups and being soluble in organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, or dimethyl sulphoxide; and
(ii) an ion-conducting polymer which is a partially- or fully-fluorinated sulphonic acid polymer;
wherein the porous mat is essentially fully impregnated with ion-conducting polymer, and wherein the thickness of the porous mat in the electrolyte membrane is distributed across at least 80% of the thickness of the electrolyte membrane.
2. The electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the heterocyclic-based polymer is a polyazole or a derivative thereof.
3. The electrolyte membrane according to claim 2 , wherein the polyazole is selected from the group consisting of polybenzimidazole, polytriazole, polythiazole and polydithiazole and their derivatives.
4. The electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the nanofibres have an average diameter of 100-400 nm.
5. The electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the porous mat has a porosity in the range of 70-98%.
6. The electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the porous mat has an average basis weight in the range 1.0 g/m2 to 7 g/m2.
7. The electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of ion-conducting polymer:nanofibres in the electrolyte membrane is greater than 70:30.
8. A catalysed membrane comprising an electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 and a catalyst layer on a first and/or second face of the electrolyte membrane.
9. A membrane electrode assembly comprising an electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 and a gas diffusion electrode on a first and/or second face of the electrolyte membrane.
10. A membrane electrode assembly comprising a catalysed membrane according to claim 8 and a gas diffusion layer on the catalyst layer.
11. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprising an electrolyte membrane according claim 1 .
12. An electrolyser comprising an electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 .
13. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprising a catalysed membrane according to claim 8 .
14. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprising a membrane electrode assembly according to claim 9 .
15. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprising a membrane electrode assembly according to claim 10 .