Lignocellulosic conversion processes and products
Processes for converting lignocellulose to feedstock and downstream products are disclosed. The processes may include acid treatment of lignocellulose to produce a fermentation feedstock. In various instances, the processes include recovery or recycling of acid, such as recovery of hydrochloric acid from concentrated and/or dilute streams. Downstream products may include acrylic acid-based products such as diapers, paper and paper-based products, ethanol, biofuels such as biodiesel and fuel additives, and detergents.
1. A carbohydrate mixture derived from a lignocellulose material comprising:
at least one hemicellulose-derived hexose selected from the group consisting of galactose and mannose;
at least one hemicellulose-derived pentose selected from the group consisting of xylose and arabinose;
a water soluble higher oligomer of glucose, mannose, xylose, galactose, arabinose, or a combination thereof;
furfural in an amount up to 1000 ppm; and
at least 100 ppb of a S1 solvent, wherein the S1 solvent is selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic alcohol, an aromatic alcohol, a ketone having at least 5 carbon atoms, and an aldehyde having at least 5 carbon atoms, and wherein the S1 solvent is characterized by a water solubility of less than 10% and by at least one of:
(a) a polarity related component of Hoy's cohesion parameter (delta-P) between 5 and 10 MPa 1/2 ; and
(b) a hydrogen bonding related component of Hoy's cohesion parameter (delta-H) between 5 and 20 MPa 1/2 ;
wherein the lignocellulose material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of agricultural residues, municipal solid waste, industrial solid waste, yard waste, and forestry waste.
2. The carbohydrate mixture of claim 1 , comprising glucose, galactose and xylose.
3. The carbohydrate mixture of claim 1 , wherein the at least one pentose is present in a proportion relative to a total carbohydrate content of the carbohydrate mixture of at least 0.10.
4. The carbohydrate mixture of claim 1 , wherein the higher oligomer is present in a proportion relative to a total carbohydrate content of the carbohydrate mixture of less than 0.2.
5. The carbohydrate mixture of claim 1 , further comprising at least one alpha-bonded carbohydrate selected from the group consisting of maltose, isomaltose, trehalose, kojibiose and nigerose.
6. The carbohydrate mixture of claim 5 , wherein the at least one alpha-bonded carbohydrate is present in a proportion relative to a total carbohydrate content of the carbohydrate mixture of at least 0.01.
7. The carbohydrate mixture of claim 1 , further comprising at least one beta-bonded carbohydrate selected from the group consisting of gentiobiose, sophorose, cellobiose, laminaribiose and beta-trehalose.
8. The carbohydrate mixture of claim 7 , wherein the at least one beta-bonded carbohydrate is present in a proportion relative to a total carbohydrate content of the carbohydrate mixture of at least 0.01.
9. The carbohydrate mixture of claim 1 , wherein the S1 solvent comprises hexanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, or a combination thereof.
10. The carbohydrate mixture of claim 1 , wherein the S1 solvent is 2-ethyl-1-hexanol.