Interior permanent magnet machine for automotive electric vehicles
Certain aspects relate to topologies for an interior permanent magnet (IPM) electrical machine having increased saliency torque, increased flux-linkage, reduced magnet leakage flux, and reduced detrimental slotting effects compared to existing IPM electrical machines. The IPM electrical machine includes a rotor having a number of poles and a flux barrier formed along the edge of the rotor between poles. The flux barrier contains a magnet or set of magnets having a varying thickness, with a central thickest portion located along the d-axis of the rotor. A magnet retention structure, which may be formed integrally with the rotor or provided as a separate structure, surrounds the rotor and magnets. The rotor and magnets combine to form a smooth circular profile having no air gaps.
1. An interior permanent magnet electrical machine comprising:
a magnet retention structure comprising a circular inner perimeter having a radius;
a rotor body comprising:
a magnetically permeable material configured for conducting magnetic flux,
a plurality of rotor pole shoes, an outer edge of each of the plurality of rotor pole shoes having the same radius as the circular inner perimeter of the magnet retention structure and positioned adjacent to the circular inner perimeter of the magnet retention structure, and
a plurality of curved edges, each of the plurality of curved edges having a curvature and connecting outer edges of an adjacent two of the plurality of rotor pole shoes; and
a plurality of magnetic poles, each of the plurality of magnetic poles comprising:
a curved outer edge having the same radius as the circular inner perimeter of the magnet retention structure and positioned adjacent to the circular inner perimeter of the magnet retention structure,
an inner edge having the same curvature as the one of the plurality of curved edges of the rotor body and positioned adjacent to the one of the plurality of curved edges,
at least one low-permeability material filling an area formed between the curved outer edge and the inner edge, the at least one low-permeability material comprising at least one magnetized permanent magnet having a varying thickness between the curved outer edge and the inner edge; and
at least one magnet support extending from the rotor body to the magnet retention structure through the varying thickness of the at least one permanent magnet set.
2. The interior permanent magnet electrical machine of claim 1 , wherein the curved outer edges of the plurality of magnetic poles and the outer edges of the plurality of pole shoes form a circle having the same radius as the circular inner perimeter of the magnet retention structure.
3. The interior permanent magnet electrical machine of claim 1 , wherein the magnet retention structure comprises a carbon fiber sleeve positioned around the rotor body and the plurality of magnetic poles.
4. The interior permanent magnet electrical machine of claim 3 , wherein, for each of the plurality of magnetic poles, the at least one magnetized permanent magnet fills the area formed between the curved outer edge and the inner edge.
5. The interior permanent magnet electrical machine of claim 1 , the magnet retention structure comprising the magnetically permeable material and formed integrally with the rotor body.
6. The interior permanent magnet electrical machine of claim 5 , wherein the magnet retention structure further comprises the at least one magnet support extending through one of the plurality of magnetic poles to the circular inner perimeter, the at least one magnet support comprising the magnetically permeable material and formed integrally with the rotor body.
7. The interior permanent magnet electrical machine of claim 6 , wherein the at least one low-permeability material for the one of the plurality of magnetic poles comprises the at least one magnet support and a plurality of magnetized permanent magnets.
8. The interior permanent magnet electrical machine of claim 1 , wherein the rotor body comprises a stack of a plurality of laminated steel sheets.
9. The interior permanent magnet electrical machine of claim 1 , wherein the inner edge of each of the plurality of magnetic poles and the plurality of curved edges of the rotor body are shaped based at least partly on a portion of a sine wave generated by a d-axis winding function for the rotor body.
10. The interior permanent magnet electrical machine of claim 1 , wherein the inner edge of each of the plurality of magnetic poles and the plurality of curved edges of the rotor body are shaped based at least partly on a circular curve, a hyperbolic curve, a parabolic curve, an elliptical curve, or a cubic curve.
11. The interior permanent magnet electrical machine of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of magnetic poles has substantially no air gaps.
12. A rotor assembly for an interior permanent magnet electrical machine, the rotor assembly comprising:
a magnet retention structure comprising a circular inner perimeter having a radius;
a rotor body comprising a plurality of rotor pole shoes, an outer edge of each of the plurality of rotor pole shoes having the same radius as the circular inner perimeter of the magnet retention assembly;
a plurality of magnetic poles each defined at least partly by a negative space in the rotor body, each of the plurality of magnetic poles positioned between an adjacent two of the plurality of rotor pole shoes and having a varying thickness that is largest at its center and that tapers toward a smallest thickness at opposing edges, each of the plurality of magnetic poles comprising at least one permanent magnet having the varying thickness; and
at least one magnet support extending from the rotor body to the magnet retention structure through the varying thickness of the at least one permanent magnet.
13. The rotor assembly of claim 12 , wherein the at least one permanent magnet comprises a stack of magnets, wherein a shape of the stack of magnets approximates a lens-shaped curvature.
14. The rotor assembly of claim 13 , wherein each magnet in the stack of magnets has a rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section.
15. The rotor assembly of claim 12 , wherein each of the plurality of magnetic poles includes no air gaps.
16. The rotor assembly of claim 12 , wherein each of the plurality of magnetic poles comprises rounded vertices at the opposing edges.
17. The rotor assembly of claim 12 , wherein the curved outer edges of the plurality of magnetic poles and the outer edges of the plurality of pole shoes form a circular profile having the same radius as the circular inner perimeter of the magnet retention structure.