Aerodynamic golf club head
An aerodynamic golf club head producing reduced aerodynamic drag forces via the curvature of a crown section. At least a portion of the crown section may be composed of low density materials, including nonmetallic materials.
1. An aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) comprising:
A) a hollow body ( 110 ) having a club head volume of at least 400 cc, a face ( 200 ), a sole section ( 300 ), a crown section ( 400 ), a front ( 112 ), a back ( 114 ), a heel ( 116 ), and a toe ( 118 );
B) the face ( 200 ) having a top edge ( 210 ) and a lower edge ( 220 ), wherein a top edge height (TEH) is the elevation of the top edge ( 210 ) above the ground plane (GP), and a maximum top edge height (TEH) is at least 2 inches; and
C) the crown section ( 400 ) having a crown apex ( 410 ) located an apex height (AH) above a ground plane (GP) and having an apex ratio of the apex height (AH) to the maximum top edge height (TEH) of at least 1.13, wherein:
(i) within a front-to-back vertical section through the crown apex ( 410 ) and perpendicular to a vertical plane created by a shaft axis (SA), a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the face ( 200 ) has an apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f), and a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the back ( 114 ) of the hollow body ( 110 ) has an apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r),
(ii) within a heel-to-toe vertical section through the crown apex ( 410 ) and parallel to the vertical plane created by the shaft axis (SA), a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) above the top edge height (TEH) has a heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t);
(iii) a majority portion of the crown section ( 400 ) is composed of a nonmetallic material having a density less than a portion of the sole section ( 300 ), and a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) has at least one of (a) the heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) in contact with the crown apex ( 410 ) is less than 4 inches, (b) the apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) is greater than 5 inches on a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) above the top edge height (TEH) that is composed of the nonmetallic material, and (c) the apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f) in contact with the crown apex ( 410 ) is at least 25% less than a portion of the apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) located above the top edge height (TEH);
(iv) the crown apex ( 410 ) is behind the forward-most point on the face ( 200 ) a distance that is a crown apex setback dimension ( 412 ), the crown apex setback dimension is less than 1.75 inches, the crown section ( 400 ) includes a post apex attachment promoting region ( 420 ) on the surface of the crown section ( 400 ) at an elevation above a maximum top edge plane, wherein the post apex attachment promoting region ( 420 ) begins at the crown apex ( 410 ) and extends toward the back ( 114 ), and the post apex attachment promoting region ( 420 ) includes an attachment promoting region length ( 422 ) measured along the surface of the crown section ( 400 ) and orthogonal to the vertical plane defined by the shaft axis (SA), and the attachment promoting region length ( 422 ) is at least as great as fifty percent of the crown apex setback dimension ( 412 ); and
(v) wherein within a vertical section through the crown apex ( 410 ) and parallel to the vertical plane created by the shaft axis (SA), a portion of the post apex attachment promoting region ( 420 ) has a heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) that is less than 4 inches.
2. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein the hollow body ( 110 ) has a front-to-back dimension (FB) of at least 4.4 inches, and a second moment of inertia (MOIx) about a horizontal axis through the center of gravity (CG) is at least 2000 g*cm 2 .
3. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 2 , wherein the front-to-back dimension (FB) of at least 4.6 inches, a first moment of inertia (MOIy) about a vertical axis through a center of gravity (CG) of the golf club head ( 100 ) is at least 4000 g*cm 2 , the apex ratio is at least 1.20, and 5-10% of the club head volume is above the elevation of the maximum top edge height (TEH).
4. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein the apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f) in contact with the crown apex ( 410 ) is less than 3 inches.
5. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) above the top edge height (TEH) has an apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) that is less than 3.75 inches.
6. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein the heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) in contact with the crown apex ( 410 ) is less than 4 inches, and the apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f) in contact with the crown apex ( 410 ) is at least 25% less than a portion of the apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) located above the top edge height (TEH).
7. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein the heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) in contact with the crown apex ( 410 ) is less than 4 inches, and the apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) is greater than 5 inches on a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) located above the top edge height (TEH) and composed of the nonmetallic material.
8. An aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) comprising:
A) a hollow body ( 110 ) having a club head volume of at least 400 cc, a face ( 200 ), a sole section ( 300 ), a crown section ( 400 ), a front ( 112 ), a back ( 114 ), a heel ( 116 ), and a toe ( 118 );
B) the face ( 200 ) having a top edge ( 210 ) and a lower edge ( 220 ), wherein a top edge height (TEH) is the elevation of the top edge ( 210 ) above the ground plane (GP), and a maximum top edge height (TEH) is at least 2 inches; and
C) the crown section ( 400 ) having a crown apex ( 410 ) located an apex height (AH) above a ground plane (GP) and having an apex ratio of the apex height (AH) to the maximum top edge height (TEH), wherein:
(i) within a front-to-back vertical section through the crown apex ( 410 ) and perpendicular to a vertical plane created by a shaft axis (SA), a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the face ( 200 ) has an apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f), and a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the back ( 114 ) of the hollow body ( 110 ) has an apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r),
(ii) within a heel-to-toe vertical section through the crown apex ( 410 ) and parallel to the vertical plane created by the shaft axis (SA), a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) above the top edge height (TEH) has a heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t); and
(iii) the crown section ( 400 ) has:
(a) the heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) in contact with the crown apex ( 410 ) is less than 4 inches; and
(b) the apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f) in contact with the crown apex ( 410 ) is at least 25% less than a portion of the apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) located above the top edge height (TEH).
9. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 8 , wherein the hollow body ( 110 ) has a front-to-back dimension (FB) of at least 4.4 inches, and a second moment of inertia (MOIx) about a horizontal axis through the center of gravity (CG) is at least 2000 g*cm 2 .
10. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 9 , wherein the apex ratio is at least 1.13, and a first moment of inertia (MOIy) about a vertical axis through the center of gravity (CG) of the golf club head ( 100 ) is at least 4000 g*cm 2 .
11. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 8 , wherein the crown apex ( 410 ) is behind the forward-most point on the face ( 200 ) a distance that is a crown apex setback dimension ( 412 ), the crown apex setback dimension is less than 1.75 inches, and the crown section ( 400 ) includes a post apex attachment promoting region ( 420 ) on the surface of the crown section ( 400 ) at an elevation above a maximum top edge plane, wherein the post apex attachment promoting region ( 420 ) begins at the crown apex ( 410 ) and extends toward the back ( 114 ), and the post apex attachment promoting region ( 420 ) includes an attachment promoting region length ( 422 ) measured along the surface of the crown section ( 400 ) and orthogonal to the vertical plane defined by the shaft axis (SA), and the attachment promoting region length ( 422 ) is at least as great as fifty percent of the crown apex setback dimension ( 412 ).
12. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 11 , wherein the crown apex setback dimension ( 412 ) is less than a distance from a vertical projection of the center of gravity on the ground plane to a second vertical projection of the forwardmost point on the face ( 200 ) on the ground plane.
13. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 8 , wherein a majority portion of the crown section ( 400 ) is composed of a nonmetallic material.
14. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 13 , wherein a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) in front of the crown apex ( 410 ) is formed of the nonmetallic material.
15. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 8 , wherein the apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f) in contact with the crown apex ( 410 ) is less than 3 inches, a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) above the top edge height (TEH) has an apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) that is less than 3.75 inches, and 5-10% of the club head volume is above the elevation of the maximum top edge height (TEH).
16. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 8 , wherein the heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) in contact with the crown apex ( 410 ) is less than 4 inches, and the apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) is greater than 5 inches on a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) located above the top edge height (TEH) and composed of the nonmetallic material.
17. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 8 , wherein the apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f) in contact with the crown apex ( 410 ) is less than 3 inches.
18. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 8 , wherein the apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) of a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) above the top edge height (TEH) is greater than 5 inches.
19. An aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) comprising:
A) a hollow body ( 110 ) having a club head volume of at least 400 cc, a face ( 200 ), a sole section ( 300 ), a crown section ( 400 ), a front ( 112 ), a back ( 114 ), a heel ( 116 ), and a toe ( 118 );
B) the face ( 200 ) having a top edge ( 210 ) and a lower edge ( 220 ), wherein a top edge height (TEH) is the elevation of the top edge ( 210 ) above the ground plane (GP), and a maximum top edge height (TEH) is at least 2 inches; and
C) the crown section ( 400 ) having a crown apex ( 410 ) located an apex height (AH) above a ground plane (GP) and having an apex ratio of the apex height (AH) to the maximum top edge height (TEH), wherein:
(i) within a front-to-back vertical section through the crown apex ( 410 ) and perpendicular to a vertical plane created by a shaft axis (SA), a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the face ( 200 ) has an apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f), and a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the back ( 114 ) of the hollow body ( 110 ) has an apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r),
(ii) within a heel-to-toe vertical section through the crown apex ( 410 ) and parallel to the vertical plane created by the shaft axis (SA), a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) above the top edge height (TEH) has a heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t); and
(iii) the crown section ( 400 ) has:
(a) the heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) in contact with the crown apex ( 410 ) is less than 4 inches; and
(b) the apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) of a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) above the top edge height (TEH) is greater than 5 inches.
20. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 19 , wherein the crown section ( 400 ) has at least one of the following characteristics:
(a) the apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f) in contact with the crown apex ( 410 ) is less than 3 inches; and
(b) the apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f) in contact with the crown apex ( 410 ) is at least 25% less than a portion of the apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) located above the top edge height (TEH).