Wide angle beam steering for virtual reality and augmented reality

1. A device, comprising:

one or more light sources; and

a beam steering device including:

a first substrate;

a second substrate that is distinct from the first substrate;

a first alignment layer located adjacent to the first substrate between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first alignment layer has a first periodic pattern;

nematic liquid crystals located between the first alignment layer and the second substrate; and

one or more retardation compensators, wherein the beam steering device is configured to:

redirect, by diffraction, light having a first circular polarization in a first direction; and

redirect, by diffraction, light having a second circular polarization orthogonal to the first circular polarization in a second direction distinct from the first direction.

2. The device of claim 1 , wherein:

the one or more retardation compensators include a c-plate.

3. The device of claim 2 , wherein:

the one or more retardation compensators include liquid crystals, wherein the liquid crystals in the one or more retardation compensators are aligned vertically.

4. The device of claim 1 , including:

one or more electrodes coupled with the first substrate; and

one or more electrodes coupled with the second substrate, wherein the nematic liquid crystals are located between the one or more electrodes coupled with the first substrate and the one or more electrodes coupled with the second substrate.

5. The device of claim 4 , wherein:

the first substrate is transparent to infrared light;

the second substrate is transparent to infrared light; and

the one or more electrodes coupled with the first substrate and the one or more electrodes coupled with the second substrate are transparent to infrared light.

6. The device of claim 1 , wherein:

the one or more retardation compensators include liquid crystals, wherein the liquid crystals in the one or more retardation compensators are aligned vertically.

7. The device of claim 6 , wherein:

the one or more retardation compensators include a third substrate and a fourth substrate that is distinct from the third substrate; and

the liquid crystals in the one or more retardation compensators are located between the third substrate and the fourth substrate.

8. The device of claim 7 , wherein:

the first substrate includes one or more electrodes;

the second substrate includes one or more electrodes;

the third substrate includes one or more electrodes;

the fourth substrate includes one or more electrodes; and

the one or more electrodes of the second substrate include the one or more electrodes of the third substrate.

9. The device of claim 1 , wherein:

the one or more retardation compensators include a retardation compensator located adjacent to the first substrate.

10. The device of claim 9 , wherein:

the one or more retardation compensators include a retardation compensator located adjacent to the second substrate.

11. The device of claim 1 , wherein:

the one or more retardation compensators include a retardation compensator located adjacent to the second substrate.

12. The device of claim 1 , wherein:

the one or more retardation compensators include a retardation compensator located between the first substrate and the second substrate.

13. The device of claim 1 , including a circular polarizer.

14. The device of claim 1 , wherein:

the one or more light sources are coupled with the beam steering device; and

the beam steering device is configured to adjust a direction of light from the one or more light sources.

15. The device of claim 1 , including:

one or more detectors configured to detect light reflected from an eye of a user.

16. The device of claim 15 , wherein:

the one or more detectors are coupled with the beam steering device; and

the one or more detectors are configured to detect light transmitted through the beam steering device.

17. The device of claim 15 , wherein:

the first substrate is transparent to infrared light;

the second substrate is transparent to infrared light;

one or more electrodes coupled with the first substrate is transparent to infrared light;

one or more electrodes coupled with the second substrate is transparent to infrared light;

the one or more light sources are configured to emit infrared light; and

the one or more detectors are configured to detect infrared light.

18. A method, comprising:

transmitting light toward the beam steering device of claim 1 at an oblique angle; and

transmitting the light through the beam steering device and adjusting a direction of the light.

19. A method, comprising:

transmitting light toward the beam steering device of claim 1 at an oblique angle greater than 30°; and

transmitting through the beam steering device greater than 50% of an intensity of the light transmitted toward the beam steering device and adjusting a direction of the light.

20. The device of claim 1 , wherein:

the nematic liquid crystals located between the first alignment layer and the second substrate include:

liquid crystals in a first column oriented in a first direction;

liquid crystals in a second column oriented in a second direction different from the first direction;

liquid crystals in a third column oriented in the first direction;

liquid crystals in a fourth column oriented in the second direction; and

liquid crystals in a fifth column oriented in the first direction, the second column being located between the first column and the third column and the fourth column being located between the third column and the fifth column.