COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING FLUORINE SUBSTITUTED OLEFINS
Various uses of fluorinated alkenes, particularly HFO-1234 and HFCO-1233zd in a variety of applications, including refrigeration, foams, blowing agents, aerosols, propellants, solvent compositions, fire extinguishing and suppressing agents, extraction agents and catalyst deposition are disclosed.
1 . A composition comprising:
(a) at least a first fluoroalkene selected from Formula IA or Formula II below:
CF w H 2-w ═CR—CF z R 3-z (IA)
where
each R is independently Cl, F, Br, I or H, provided that in Formula (II) at least one R is chlorine,
w is 1 or 2,
z is 1 or 2,
R′ is (CR 2 ) n Y,
Y is CRF 2
and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, provided that if Br is present in the compound then the compound includes no hydrogen; and
(b) at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), ethers, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, methyl formate, formic acid, water, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, carbon dioxide, dimethoxymethane (DME), a second fluoroalkene different than said first fluoroalkene and combinations of any two or more of these.
2 . A blowing agent comprising the composition of claim 1 .
3 . The blowing agent of claim 2 wherein said first fluoroalkene is 1,1,1,trifluoro,3-chloro-propene (HFCO-1233zd).
4 . The blowing agent of claim 2 wherein said first fluoroalkene comprises trans-1,1,1,trifluoro,3-chloro-propene (transHFCO-1233zd).
5 . The blowing agent of claim 2 wherein said first fluoroalkene comprises cis-1,1,1,trifluoro,3-chloro-propene (cisHFCO-1233zd).
6 . The blowing agent of claim 3 wherein said at least one additional component comprises from about 50% to about 85% by weight of at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of iso-pentane, normal-pentane, cyclo-pentane, butane and iso-butane and combinations of these.
7 . The blowing agent of claim 3 wherein said HFCO-1233zd is present in the composition in an amount of from about 20% by weight to about 90% by weight of the composition, and wherein said at least one additional component comprises from about 50% to about 85% by weight of at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of iso-pentane, normal-pentane, cyclo-pentane, butane and iso-butane and combinations of these.
8 . The blowing agent of claim 3 wherein said at least one additional component comprises 2-ethyl-1-hexanol.
9 . The blowing agent of claim 3 wherein said at least one additional component comprises trans-1,2 dicchloroethylene.
10 . The blowing agent of claim 3 wherein said at least one additional component comprises dimethoxymethane.
11 . The blowing agent of claim 3 wherein said HFCO-1233zd is present in the composition in an amount of from about 5% by weight to about 95% by weight of the composition, and wherein said at least one additional component comprises from about 5% to about 95% by weight of the composition.
12 . An aerosol comprising the composition of claim 1 .
13 . The aerosol of claim 12 wherein said first fluoroalkene is 1,1,1,trifluoro,3-chloro-propene (HFCO-1233zd) and wherein said at least one additional component comprises at least one fluoroalkene, or at least one HFC, or trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, or combinations of two or more of these.
14 . A solvent composition comprising the composition of claim 1 .
15 . The solvent of claim 14 wherein said first fluoroalkene is 1,1,1,trifluoro,3-chloro-propene (HFCO-1233zd) and wherein said at least one additional component comprises at least one fluoroalkene, or at least one HFC, or trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, or combinations of two or more of these.
16 . The solvent of claim 14 wherein said at least one additional component comprises at least trans-1,2-dichloroethylene
17 . The solvent of claim 14 wherein said at least one additional component comprises at least one C1-C4 alcohol.
18 . The blowing agent of claim 2 wherein said first fluoroalkene comprises a combination of trans-1,1,1,trifluoro,3-chloro-propene (transHFCO-1233zd) and cis-1,1,1,trifluoro,3-chloro-propene (cisHFCO-1233zd) in a cis:trans weight ratio of from about 30:70 to about 5:95.
19 . The blowing agent of claim 3 wherein said at least one additional component comprises water.
20 . The blowing agent of claim 3 wherein said at least one additional component comprises CO 2 .
21 . A composition comprising:
(a) at least one fluoroalkene of Formula IA:
CF w H 2-w ═CR—CF z R 3-z (IA)
where each R is independently Cl, F, Br, I or H, w is 1 or 2, and z is 1 or 2,
provided that if Br is present in the compound then the compound includes no hydrogen; and
(b) at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of lubricants, stabilizers, metal passivators, corrosion inhibitors, flammability suppressants, trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), difluoromethane (HFC-32), pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), difluoroethane (HFC-152a), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa),1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc), water, CO 2 , and combinations of two or more of these.
22 . A heat transfer fluid comprising the composition of claim 21 .
23 . The composition of claim 1 wherein each R is F in said at least one fluoroalkene of Formula 1(A).
24 . The composition of claim 19 wherein said at least one fluoroalkene of Formula 1(A) is selected from the group consisting of CF 2 ═CF—CH 2 F (HFO-1234yc), CF 2 ═CH—CF 2 H (HFO-1234zc), trans-CHF═CF—CF 2 H (HFO-1234ye(E)), cis-CHF═CF—CF 2 H (HFO-1234ye(Z)), and combinations of two or more of these.
25 . A heat transfer fluid comprising the composition of claim 21 wherein said composition comprises at least about 50% by weight of compound(s) in accordance with Formula 1(A).
26 . A heat transfer fluid comprising the composition of claim 21 wherein said composition comprises at least about 70% by weight of compound(s) in accordance with Formula 1(A).
27 . A solvent extraction method comprising solvent extracting a material by contacting said material with a compound of selected from Formula IA or Formula II below:
CF w H 2-w ═CR—CF z R 3-z (IA)
where
each R is independently Cl, F, Br, I or H, provided that in Formula (II) at least one R is chlorine,
w is 1 or 2,
z is 1 or 2,
R′ is (CR 2 ) n Y,
Y is CRF 2
and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, provided that if Br is present in the compound then the compound includes no hydrogen.
28 . The method of claim 27 wherein said material comprises at least one alkaloid.
29 . The method of claim 28 wherein said at least one alkaloid is derived from at least one plant source.
30 . A method of depositing catalyst on a solid support comprising precipitating particles of said catalyst from a compound of selected from Formula IA or Formula II below:
CF w H 2-w ═CR—CF z R 3-z (IA)
where
each R is independently Cl, F, Br, I or H, provided that in Formula (II) at least one R is chlorine,
w is 1 or 2,
z is 1 or 2,
R′ is (CR 2 ) n Y,
Y is CRF 2
and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, provided that if Br is present in the compound then the compound includes no hydrogen.
31 . The blowing agent of claim 3 wherein said at least one additional component comprises methylformate.
32 . The blowing agent of claim 3 wherein said at least one additional component comprises from about 15% to about 85% by weight of at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of iso-pentane, normal-pentane, cyclo-pentane, butane and iso-butane and combinations of these.
33 . The blowing agent of claim 32 wherein said at least one additional component further comprises water.
34 . The blowing agent of claim 32 wherein said water is present in an amount of from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition.
35 . The blowing agent of claim 3 wherein said at least one additional component comprises from about 15% to about 50% by weight of at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of iso-pentane, normal-pentane, cyclo-pentane, butane and iso-butane and combinations of these.
36 . The blowing agent of claim 20 wherein said CO 2 water is present in a supercritical or near supercritical state.