Downhole tools having easily removable inserts
An anchor member comprises a substrate; and at least one insert secured to the substrate and extending outwardly from an outer surface of the substrate. The insert is configured for engagement with another member. In an embodiment, the insert comprises a shell at least partially defining an empty core. Alternatively, the insert comprises an inner portion and an outer portion disposed on the inner portion; the inner portion comprising a soft material which comprises one or more of the following: a low carbon steel or an aluminum alloy; and the outer portion comprising the soft material and a hard material and having a gradient in the weight ratio of the soft material to the hard material, the hard material comprising one or more of the following: an intermetallic compound; a ceramic; a hard steel; or a titanium alloy.
1. An anchor member, comprising:
a substrate; and
at least one insert secured to the substrate and extending outwardly from an outer surface of the substrate; the insert configured for engagement with another member and comprising a shell fully enclosing an empty core,
wherein the insert comprises an intermetallic compound, optionally in combination with one or more of a ceramic, a surface hardened material, a titanium alloy, or a composite; and the insert is configured to have a bulk density of less than about 2 g/cc.
2. The anchor member of claim 1 , wherein the intermetallic compound comprises one or more of the following: NiTi; NiAl; Ni 3 Al; Al 2 Cu; FeAl; Al 12 Mg 17 ; Al 3 Mg 2 ; Cu 3 Sn; or Ag 3 Sn.
3. The anchor member of claim 1 , wherein the insert comprises the ceramic, and the ceramic comprises one or more of the following SiC; Al 2 O 3 ; or Si 3 N 4 .
4. The anchor member of claim 1 , wherein the insert comprises the surface hardened material and the surface hardened material comprises one or more of the following: surface hardened low carbon steel; surface hardened alloy steel; surface hardened tool steel; surface hardened stainless steel; or surface hardened high aluminum low density steel.
5. The anchor member of claim 1 , wherein the insert comprises the composite and the composite comprises:
a matrix material comprising one or more of the following: SiC; Al 2 O 3 ; Si 3 N 4 ; a surface hardandable Fe—C alloy; titanium alloy; and
a binder comprising one or more of the following: NiTi; NiAl; Ni 3 Ai; Al 2 Cu; FeAl; Al 12 Mg 17 ; Al 3 Mg 2 ; Cu 3 Sn; or Ag 3 Sn.
6. The anchor member of claim 1 , wherein the insert comprises the composite and the composite comprises:
a matrix material comprising NiTi; NiAl; Ni 3 Al; Al 2 Cu; FeAl; Al 12 Mg 17 ; Al 3 Mg 2 ; Cu 3 Sn; or Ag 3 Sn; and
a binder comprising a Fe—C alloy.
7. The anchor member of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a material that is non-degradable upon exposure to a fluid.
8. The anchor member of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a degradable material with respect to a fluid.
9. A downhole apparatus comprising the anchor member of claim 1 .
10. The downhole apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the downhole apparatus is a frac plug, a bridge plug, or a packer.
11. The anchor member of claim 1 , wherein the shell has a thickness of about 0.01 inch to about 0.1 inch.