Systems and methods for making structures defined by CNT pulp networks
Provided herein are products and methods for making structures having a body defined by a carbon nanotube (CNT) pulp network having a long-range connectivity exceeding a percolation threshold of the structure to permit electron transport throughout the structure, an active material dispersed within the body, and a binder material binding the active material to the CNT pulp network within the body.
1. A structure comprising:
a body defined by a network of interconnected carbon nanotube (CNT) pulp comprising CNTs having a length greater than 1 mm, wherein (i) at least a portion of the CNT pulp is coated with nanoscale silicon, and (ii) the CNT pulp is provided in an amount sufficient to permit electron transport throughout the structure;
a binder material dispersed within the CNT pulp network; and, optionally,
an active material distributed throughout the body for ion storage.
2. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the CNT pulp network is about 0.1% to about 20.0% by weight of the structure.
3. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the binder is about 2% to about 50% by weight of the structure.
4. The structure of claim 1 , further including an additive including one or more of carbon black, graphite, graphene, a conductive polymer, any conductive material providing synergistic conductive properties with the CNT pulp network, or combinations thereof dispersed within the body.
5. The structure of claim 4 , wherein the additive is about 0.5% to about 90% by weight of the structure.
6. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the binder material includes one or more of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF), Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR), any binder material capable of binding the active material with the CNT pulp network, or combinations thereof.
7. The structure of claim 1 , the structure having a loading of solids of about 12 milligrams per square centimeter or more.
8. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the active material includes one or more of silicon nanoparticles, silicon nanowires, silicon coatings on nanoscale carbon, any nanoscale silicon, any anode active material, or combinations thereof, wherein the nanoscale carbon includes one or more of carbon nanotubes, Graphene, Graphite, carbon black, any nanoscale carbon, or combinations thereof.
9. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the nanoscale silicon material is about 10% to about 95% by weight of the structure.
10. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the structure defines one or more of a capacitor, pseudo-capacitor or a super-capacitor.
11. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the nanoscale silicon is coated on the CNT pulp using inductive heating.
12. An energy storage device comprising:
a housing;
a first current collector positioned in the housing;
a first structure in electrical communication with the first current collector and including:
a first body defined by a first network of interconnected carbon nanotube (CNT) pulp comprising CNTs having a length greater than 1 mm, the CNT pulp being provided in an amount sufficient to permit electron transport throughout the first structure,
a first binder material dispersed within the first CNT pulp network, and
a first active material distributed throughout the first body for ion storage;
a second current collector positioned in the housing;
a second structure in electrical communication with the second current collector and including:
a second body defined by a second network of interconnected carbon nanotube (CNT) pulp, wherein (i) at least a portion of the CNT pulp is coated with nanoscale silicon, and (ii) the CNT pulp is provided in an amount sufficient to permit electron transport throughout the second structure,
a second binder material dispersed within the second CNT pulp network, and, optionally, a second active material distributed throughout the second body for ion storage; and
a separator interposed between the first structure and the second structure for inhibiting direct electrical contact between the first and second structures and for permitting ion passage between the first and second structures.
13. The energy storage device of claim 12 , wherein each of the first and second current collectors includes one or more of a metal, a CNT sheet, a CNT yarn, a dispersed CNT network, graphite, graphene, carbon black, binder, or combinations thereof.
14. The energy storage device of claim 12 , wherein the first structure defines a cathode and the second structure defines an anode.
15. The energy storage device of claim 12 , wherein the first current collector is integrally formed with the first structure and the second current collector is integrally formed with the second structure.
16. The energy storage device of claim 12 , wherein the nanoscale silicon is coated on the CNT pulp using inductive heating.