Synthetic
This disclosure concerns compositions and methods for targeting peptides, polypeptides, and proteins to plastids of plastid-containing cells. In some embodiments, the disclosure concerns chloroplast transit peptides that may direct a polypeptide to a plastid, and nucleic acid molecules encoding the same. In some embodiments, the disclosure concerns methods for producing a transgenic plant material (e.g., a transgenic plant) comprising a chloroplast transit peptide, as well as plant materials produced by such methods, and plant commodity products produced therefrom.
1. A nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide that encodes a chimeric protein comprising a synthetic chloroplast transit peptide (CTP) and a linked polypeptide, the amino acid sequence of the synthetic CTP selected from the group consisting of:
(A) a first amino acid sequence between 25 and 41 amino acids in length, wherein the first amino acid sequence is at least 90% identical to a contiguous amino acid sequence of the same length in the first 41 amino acids of SEQ ID NO:1, linked to a second amino acid sequence between 25 and 41 amino acids in length, wherein the second amino acid sequence is at least 90% identical to a contiguous amino acid sequence of the same length in the last 41 amino acids of SEQ ID NO:2; and
(B) a first amino acid sequence between 25 and 41 amino acids in length, wherein the first amino acid sequence is at least 90% identical to a contiguous amino acid sequence of the same length in the first 41 amino acids of SEQ ID NO:2, linked to a second amino acid sequence between 25 and 41 amino acids in length, wherein the second amino acid sequence is at least 90% identical to a continuous amino acid sequence of the same length in the last 41 amino acids of SEQ ID NO:1.
2. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , wherein the synthetic CTP comprises less than 7 conservative amino acid substitutions to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:4, such that the synthetic CTP is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:4.
3. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 2 , wherein the synthetic CTP comprises less than 4 conservative amino acid substitutions to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:4, such that the synthetic CTP is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO:3, or SEQ ID NO:4.
4. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 3 , wherein the synthetic CTP comprises 1 conservative amino acid substitution to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:4, such that the synthetic CTP is at least 98% identical to SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:4.
5. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , wherein the polynucleotide is operably linked to a promoter operable in a plant cell.
6. A chimeric protein encoded by the polynucleotide of the nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 .
7. The chimeric protein of claim 6 , wherein the polypeptide is a fluorescent peptide.
8. The chimeric protein of claim 6 , wherein the polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of zeaxanthin epoxidase, choline monooxygenase, ferrochelatase, omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, glutamine synthetase, provitamin A, hormones, Bacillus thuringiensis toxin proteins, and polypeptides that confer herbicide resistance to a plant.
9. The chimeric protein of claim 8 , wherein the polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of acetolactase synthase (ALS), mutated ALS, precursors of ALS, and 3-enolpyruvylshikimate-5-phosphate synthetase (EPSPS) enzymes.
10. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 5 , wherein the molecule is a plant expression vector.
11. A transgenic plant material comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 5 as a genomic nucleic acid molecule, wherein the polypeptide is targeted to chloroplasts of the plant material.
12. The transgenic plant material of claim 11 , wherein the plant material is selected from the group consisting of a plant cell, a plant tissue, a plant tissue culture, a callus culture, and a plant part.
13. The transgenic plant material of claim 11 , wherein the plant material is a whole plant or seed.
14. The transgenic plant material of claim 11 , wherein the plant material is from a plant selected from the group consisting of Arabidopsis , alfalfa, Brassica , beans, broccoli, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, celery, Chinese cabbage, cotton, cucumber, eggplant, lettuce, melon, pea, pepper, peanut, potato, pumpkin, radish, rapeseed, spinach, soybean, squash, sugarbeet, sunflower, tobacco, tomato, watermelon, corn, onion, rice, sorghum, wheat, rye, millet, sugarcane, oat, triticale, switchgrass, and turfgrass.
15. A method for producing a transgenic plant material, the method comprising transforming a plant material with the nucleic acid molecule of claim 5 .
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the plant material is selected from the group consisting of a plant cell, a plant tissue, a plant tissue culture, and a callus culture.
17. A transgenic plant regenerated from the transgenic plant material of claim 12 .
18. A transgenic plant commodity product produced from the plant material of claim 11 , wherein the commodity product comprises the polynucleotide.
19. The transgenic plant material of claim 11 , wherein the polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of zeaxanthin epoxidase, choline monooxygenase, ferrochelatase, omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, glutamine synthetase, provitamin A, hormones, Bacillus thuringiensis toxin proteins, and polypeptides that confer herbicide resistance to a plant.
20. The transgenic plant material of claim 11 , wherein the polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of acetolactase synthase (ALS), mutated ALS, precursors of ALS, and 3-enolpyruvylshikimate-5-phosphate synthetase (EPSPS) enzymes.
21. The transgenic plant material of claim 11 , wherein the polypeptide is a polypeptide that confers herbicide resistant to a plant, and the plant material exhibits increased herbicide resistance or herbicide tolerance when compared to a plant material of the same species that does not comprise the polypeptide in chloroplasts.
22. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 4 , wherein the first amino acid sequence of the CTP comprises amino acids 1-35 of SEQ ID NO:1 or amino acids 1-31 of SEQ ID NO:2.
23. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 4 , wherein the second amino acid sequence of the CTP comprises amino acids 32-61 of SEQ ID NO:2 or amino acids 36-69 of SEQ ID NO:1.
24. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , wherein the synthetic CTP comprises SEQ ID NO:13.
25. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 24 , wherein the synthetic CTP is less than 70 amino acids in length.
26. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 24 , wherein the synthetic CTP is about 65 amino acids in length.