High temperature resistant shipping container
A robust, durable, easy to use, reusable shipping container is disclosed that is capable of protecting contents from surrounding high temperatures up to 1000 degrees Fahrenheit for a minimum of at least three and a half hours. The container includes an inner chamber surrounded by an outer chamber. A phase change liquid (PCL) is sequestered in a porous support matrix contained in the inner chamber, while the outer chamber is filled with high temperature insulation, forming an outer barrier layer that is designed to reduce heat flux into the inner chamber.
1. A high temperature resistant shipping container comprising:
an outer chamber surrounded by container walls;
an inner chamber located within the outer chamber and surrounded by inner chamber walls that divide the inner chamber from the outer chamber, a ratio of a volume of said inner chamber to a volume of said container being between 30% and 70%;
an outer insulation layer contained within the outer chamber;
a support matrix contained within the inner chamber; and
a phase change liquid (“PCL”) saturating and supported by the support matrix within the inner chamber, the PCL and support matrix being distributed throughout the inner chamber so that a payload stowed in the inner chamber must be contained within an overpack so as to avoid direct exposure to the PCL,
the support matrix being configured to maintain support of the PCL as the PCL undergoes a phase change from liquid to vapor during an exposure of the container to a temperature of 1000° F. during a duration of at least 3.5 hours.
2. The container of claim 1 , wherein the outer container walls comprise at least one of:
steel;
cementitious board;
fiberglass cloth combined with corrugated cardboard; and
ceramic fiber cloth combined with corrugated cardboard.
3. The container of claim 1 , wherein the outer insulation layer comprises at least one of:
vermiculite;
a cellulosic fiber pulp combined with at least one of a boric acid stabilizer and a fire retardant;
cellulose foam sponge material; and
a foamed polymeric material.
4. The container of claim 1 , wherein the support matrix comprises at least one of:
vermiculite;
para aramid fiber pulp;
meta aramid fiber pulp;
cellulosic pulp and/or fiber
cellulose foam sponge in chopped, reticulated, or crumb form;
polyvinyl alcohol foam sponge material in chopped, reticulated, or crumb form;
high expansion polyester foam sponge material in chopped, reticulated, or crumb form; and
open cell polyurethane foam sponge material in chopped, reticulated, or crumb form.
5. The container of claim 1 , wherein the container is configured to inhibit evaporation of the PCL when the PCL is at atmospheric pressure, and is further configured to allow vaporized PCL to escape from the container when the PCL is at pressures above atmospheric pressure.
6. The container of claim 1 , wherein the PCL has a total weight of less than 4.5 kg.
7. The container of claim 1 , wherein the outer insulation layer occupies a volume that is between 30% and 70% of a volume of the outer chamber.
8. A high temperature resistant shipping container comprising an inner chamber containing a support matrix that supports and is saturated by a phase change liquid (“PCL”) that includes at least one of water and ethylene glycol, a ratio of a volume of said inner chamber to a volume of said container being between 30% and 70%, the PCL and support matrix being distributed throughout the inner chamber so that a payload stowed in the inner chamber must be contained within an overpack so as to avoid direct exposure to the PCL, the support matrix being configured to maintain support of the PCL as the PCL undergoes a phase change from liquid to vapor during an exposure of the container to a temperature of 1000° F. during a duration of at least 3.5 hours.
9. The container of claim 8 , wherein the support matrix includes at least one of:
expanded vermiculite;
cellulosic pulp and fiber combined with at least one of boric acid stabilizer and a fire retardant;
a foamed polymeric material in chopped, reticulated, or crumb form;
para aramid fiber pulp; and
meta aramid fiber pulp.
10. The container of claim 8 , wherein the support matrix includes at least one of:
polyvinyl alcohol foam sponge material in chopped, reticulated, or crumb form;
high expansion polyester foam sponge material in chopped, reticulated, or crumb form;
open cell polyurethane foam sponge material in chopped, reticulated, or crumb form; and
cellulose foam sponge material in chopped, reticulated, or crumb form.
11. The container of claim 8 , wherein the PCL is water having a total mass that is at least 600% of a mass of the support matrix.
12. The container of claim 8 , wherein a super absorbing polymer (“SAP”) is blended with the support matrix.
13. The container of claim 12 , wherein a mass of the SAP is between 0.5% and 50% of a mass of the support matrix.
14. The container of claim 12 , wherein the SAP is able to stabilize a quantity of water having a mass that is more than 100 times as large as a mass of the SAP.
15. A high temperature resistant shipping container comprising an inner chamber containing a phase change liquid (“PCL”) saturating and supported by a support matrix and distributed throughout the inner chamber so that a payload stowed in the inner chamber must be contained within an overpack so as to avoid direct exposure to the PCL, the inner chamber having an inner chamber volume that is sufficient to maintain the payload at a temperature below 300° F. during an exposure of the container to a temperature of 1000° F. while the support matrix maintains support of the PCL, said exposure lasting more than 3.5 hours, a ratio of said inner chamber volume to a volume of said container being between 30% and 70%.
16. The container of claim 15 , wherein the PCL is water.
17. The container of claim 15 , wherein the PCL is supported by a porous matrix.
18. The container of claim 17 , wherein the support matrix is expanded vermiculite.
19. The container of claim 15 , wherein the PCL is surrounded by a high temperature insulation layer.
20. The container of claim 15 , wherein the container comprises an outer steel drum having a containment volume of 10 gallons and an inner steel drum having a containment volume of 5 gallons.
21. The container of claim 15 , wherein the container comprises an outer steel drum having a containment volume of 30 gallons and an inner steel drum having a containment volume of 10 gallons.
22. The container of claim 15 , wherein the container comprises an outer steel drum having a containment volume of 55 gallons and an inner steel drum having a containment volume of 20 gallons.
23. The container of claim 15 , wherein the PCL has a total mass of greater than 2.5 kg.