Reinforced bipolar battery assembly

1. An article comprising:

(a) one or more stacks of a plurality of electrode plates comprising:

(i) one or more bipolar plates comprising a substrate having an anode on one surface and a cathode on an opposing surface;

(ii) a separator and a liquid electrolyte located between each of the electrode plates;

(iii) a first monopolar plate having a first substrate with a cathode deposited on one surface, the first monopolar plate located at an end of the one or more stacks; and

(iv) a second monopolar plate having a second substrate with an anode deposited on one surface, the second monopolar plate located at an opposing end of the one or more stacks as the first monopolar plate;

(b) a first end plate having a first end plate internal reinforcement structure, attached at an end of the article, wherein the first end plate is a one-piece structure;

(c) a second end plate having a second end plate internal reinforcement structure, attached at an opposing end of the article as the first end plate, wherein the second end plate is a one-piece structure;

wherein the first end plate is attached about a periphery with a first plurality of peripheral attachment mechanisms and an inner surface within the periphery with a first plurality of inner attachment mechanisms to the first monopolar plate;

the second end plate is attached about a periphery with a second plurality of peripheral attachment mechanisms and an inner surface within the periphery with a second plurality of inner attachment mechanisms to the second monopolar plate;

wherein the first end plate and the second end plate reinforce the plurality of electrode plates during a charge cycle, a discharge cycle, or both the charge cycle and the discharge cycle;

wherein the first end plate internal reinforcement structure is molded into the first end plate and the second end plate internal reinforcement structure is molded into the second end plate; and

wherein the first end plate and the second end plate reinforce the plurality of electrode plates during an evacuation of about 5 psi to about 30 psi prior to filling with the liquid electrolyte to prevent inward deformation of the plurality of electrode plates.

2. The article according to claim 1 , wherein the first end plate internal reinforcement structure results in the first end plate having a stiffness of about 400 ksi or greater and the second end plate internal reinforcement structure results in the second end plate having a stiffness of about 400 ksi or greater.

3. The article according to claim 1 , wherein the first end plate is attached to the first monopolar plate and the second end plate is attached to the second monopolar plate so that the first monopolar plate and the second monopolar plate are prevented from substantially deforming when the article is vacuum-filled during the charge cycle.

4. The article according to claim 3 , wherein the first end plate internal reinforcement structure, the second end plate internal reinforcement structure, or both include one or more rib structures.

5. The article according to claim 4 , wherein the first plurality of peripheral attachment mechanisms, the first plurality of inner attachment mechanisms, the second plurality of peripheral attachment mechanisms, and the second plurality of inner attachment mechanisms include an adhesive material, a tape, a heat stake, a mechanical fastener, or a combination thereof.

6. The article according to claim 4 , wherein the first plurality of peripheral attachment mechanisms and the first plurality of inner attachment mechanisms are a plurality of first heat stakes, a plurality of first mechanical fasteners, or both; and the second plurality of peripheral attachment mechanisms and the second plurality of inner attachment mechanisms are a plurality of second heat stakes, a plurality of second mechanical fasteners, or both; and

wherein the plurality of first heat stakes, the plurality of first mechanical fasteners, or both are individually disposed between at least two or more of the rib structures of the first end plate; and the plurality of second heat stakes, the plurality of second mechanical fasteners, or both are individually disposed between at least two or more of the rib structures of the second end plate.

7. The article according to claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of peripheral attachment mechanisms are a plurality of first mechanical fasteners and the second plurality of peripheral attachment mechanisms are a plurality of second mechanical fasteners; and

wherein the first monopolar plate, the second monopolar plate, or both the first monopolar plate and the second monopolar plate include a plurality of nuts which receive the first mechanical fasteners, the second mechanical fasteners, or both.

8. The article according to claim 6 , wherein the plurality of first mechanical fasteners, the plurality of first heat stakes, or a combination thereof which attach the first end plate to the first monopolar plate at the inner surface do not extend into any of the one or more bipolar plates; and

wherein the plurality of second mechanical fasteners, the plurality of second heat stakes, or a combination thereof which attach the second end plate to the second monopolar plate at the inner surface do not extend into any of the one or more bipolar plates.

9. The article according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more stacks of the plurality of electrode plates are assembled into electrochemical cells; and

wherein the one or more stacks includes one or more openings in each of the one or more bipolar plates, the first monopolar plate, the second monopolar plate, the separator, the first end plate, and the second end plate aligned with each other in a transverse direction, the one or more openings include inserts molded therein which are aligned to form a channel which is integrated, and the inserts in the separators have vent holes which communicate between the channel and the electrochemical cells.

10. The article of claim 1 , wherein one or more channels pass through the plurality of electrode plates, the first end plate, the second end plate, and the liquid electrolyte; and

wherein one or more openings which form part of the one or more channels pass through the first end plate internal reinforcement structure, second end plate internal reinforcement structure, or both.

11. The article of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of inner attachment mechanisms and the second plurality of inner attachment mechanisms each include a plurality of heat stakes.

12. The article of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of peripheral attachment mechanisms and the second plurality of peripheral attachment mechanisms each include a plurality of threaded fasteners.

13. The article of claim 4 , wherein the one or more rib structures include a plurality of rib structures in a lattice, grid, and/or honeycomb pattern.

14. The article of claim 9 , wherein the first end plate internal reinforcement structure, the second end plate internal reinforcement structure, or both include a plurality of rib structures; and

wherein one or more of the plurality of rib structures intersect and/or merge with the insert and/or the opening of the first end plate, the second end plate, or both.

15. An article comprising:

(a) one or more stacks of a plurality of electrode plates comprising:

(i) one or more bipolar plates comprising a substrate having an anode on one surface and a cathode on an opposing surface;

(ii) a first monopolar plate having a cathode deposited on one surface located at an end of the one or more stacks;

(iii) a second monopolar plate having an anode deposited on one surface located at an opposing end of the one or more stacks as the first monopolar plate;

(iv) a separator and a liquid electrolyte located between each of the electrode plates;

(b) a first end plate which is a one-piece structure having a first end plate internal reinforcement structure molded therein, attached about both a periphery and an internal outer surface area of the first monopolar plate; and wherein the first end plate internal reinforcement structure results in the first end plate having a stiffness of about 400 ksi or greater;

(c) a second end plate which is a one-piece structure having a second end plate internal reinforcement structure molded therein, attached about both a periphery and an internal outer surface area of the second monopolar plate; and wherein the second end plate internal reinforcement structure results in the second end plate having a stiffness of about 400 ksi or greater;

wherein the first end plate is attached to the first monopolar plate about the periphery with a first plurality of peripheral attachment mechanisms and the internal outer surface area within the periphery with a first plurality of inner attachment mechanisms;

wherein the second end plate is attached to the second monopolar plate about the periphery with a second plurality of peripheral attachment mechanisms and the internal outer surface area within the periphery with a second plurality of inner attachment mechanisms;

wherein the first end plate and the second end plate reinforce the plurality of electrode plates during a charge cycle, a discharge cycle, or both the charge cycle and the discharge cycle; and

wherein the first end plate is separate from and affixed to the first monopolar plate and the second end plate is separate from and affixed to the second monopolar plate; and

wherein the first end plate and the second end plate are located at opposing ends of the article; and

wherein the first end plate and the second end plate reinforce the plurality of electrode plates during an evacuation of about 5 psi to about 30 psi prior to filling with the liquid electrolyte to prevent inward deformation of the plurality of electrode plates.

16. The article according to claim 15 , wherein the first end plate is attached to the first monopolar plate and the second end plate is attached to the second monopolar plate so that the first monopolar plate and the second monopolar plate are prevented from substantially deforming when the article is vacuum-filled during the charge cycle.

17. The article according to claim 16 , wherein the first end plate internal reinforcement structure and the second end plate internal reinforcement structure include one or more rib structures.

18. The article according to claim 17 , wherein the first end plate, the second end plate, or both the first end plate and the second end plate are attached to the first monopolar plate and the second monopolar plate with an adhesive material, a tape, a heat stake, a mechanical fastener, or a combination thereof.

19. The article according to claim 17 , wherein the first end plate is attached to the first monopolar plate with one or more first heat stakes, one or more first mechanical fasteners, or both; and the second end plate is attached to the second monopolar plate with one or more second heat stakes, one or more second mechanical fasteners, or both; and

wherein the one or more first heat stakes, the one or more first mechanical fasteners, or both are disposed between at least two or more of the rib structures of the first end plate; and the one or more second heat stakes, the one or more second mechanical fasteners, or both are disposed between at least two or more of the rib structures of the second end plate.

20. An article comprising:

(a) one or more stacks of a plurality of electrode plates assembled into electrochemical cells comprising:

(i) one or more bipolar plates comprising a substrate having an anode on one surface and a cathode on an opposing surface;

(ii) a first monopolar plate having a cathode deposited on one surface located at an end of the one or more stacks;

(iii) a second monopolar plate having an anode deposited on one surface located at an opposing end of the one or more stacks as the first monopolar plate;

(iv) a separator and a liquid electrolyte located between each of the electrode plates;

(b) a first end plate having a first end plate internal reinforcement structure, attached about both a periphery and an internal outer surface area of the first monopolar plate; and wherein the first end plate internal reinforcement structure results in the first end plate having a stiffness of about 400 ksi or greater;

(c) a second end plate having a second end plate internal reinforcement structure, attached about both a periphery and an internal outer surface area of the second monopolar plate; and wherein the second end plate internal reinforcement structure results in the second end plate having a stiffness of about 400 ksi or greater;

(d) one or more openings in each of the one or more bipolar plates, the first monopolar plate, the second monopolar plate, the separator, the first end plate, and the second end plate aligned with each other in a transverse direction, the one or more openings include inserts molded therein which are aligned to form a channel which is integrated and passes through the liquid electrolyte, and the inserts in the separators have vent holes which communicate between the channel and the electrochemical cells;

wherein the first end plate and the second end plate reinforce the plurality of electrode plates during a charge cycle, a discharge cycle, or both the charge cycle and the discharge cycle; and

wherein the first end plate is separate from and affixed to the first monopolar plate and the second end plate is separate from and affixed to the second monopolar plate.