Multi-stage LED driver with current proportional to rectified input voltage and low distortion
A system for driving a multi-stage LED with low distortion and with current proportional to rectified input voltage is disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, an apparatus includes LED groups connected in series to form an LED string having a first node, a last node, and intermediate nodes. The apparatus also includes current cells having inputs coupled to the nodes and outputs coupled to an output resistor. Each current cell selectively regulates current to flow between its respective input and the output resistor. The apparatus also includes a feedback circuit that generates a plurality of feedback voltages from a voltage level at the output resistor. When a selected current cell is enabled by a selected feedback voltage to regulate a selected current level from its respective input to the output resistor, upstream current cells are disabled by their respective feedback voltages.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a plurality of LED groups connected in series to form an LED string that has a first node, a last node, and one or more intermediate nodes;
a plurality of current cells having inputs coupled to the first, last and intermediate nodes, respectively, and outputs coupled to an output resistor, and wherein each current cell selectively regulates current flowing between its respective input and the output resistor based on its respective feedback voltage; and
a feedback circuit that generates a plurality of feedback voltages from a voltage level at the output resistor.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first node is connected to receive an LED drive signal.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the LED drive signal is a rectified AC signal.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each current cell includes an input to receive a current setpoint voltage (CSPV).
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein upstream current cells comprise current cells connected to the LED string between a selected node connected to a selected current cell and the first node, and wherein enabling the selected current cell causes the upstream current cells to be disabled.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a reference circuit that generates the CSPV from the LED drive signal.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the reference circuit includes a resistor divider network that generates a scaled version of the LED drive signal as the CSPV.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each current cell comprises:
an amplifier that receives the CSPV at a non-inverting input and a feedback voltage at an inverting input to generate a gate signal at an amplifier output; and
a transistor that receives the gate signal at a gate terminal and controls current flow through the current cell.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein each current cell comprises a current source that generates a bias current.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the feedback circuit comprises voltage offset generators that generate voltage offsets based on the bias currents generated by the current cells.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the feedback circuit generates the feedback voltages by combining the voltage offsets with the voltage level at the output resistor.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein a fourth feedback voltage has a level substantially equal to the voltage level at the output resistor, a third feedback voltage has a level that is 10 millivolts higher than the fourth feedback voltage, a second feedback voltage has a level that is 10 millivolts higher than the third feedback voltage, and a first feedback voltage has a level that is 10 millivolts higher than the second feedback voltage.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the first feedback voltage is input to a first current cell that is connected to the first node, the second feedback voltage is input to a second current cell that is connected to a first intermediate node, the third feedback voltage is input to a third current cell that is connected to a second intermediate node, and the fourth feedback voltage is input to a fourth current cell that is connected to the last node.
14. A system comprising:
a plurality of LED groups connected in series to form an LED string that has a first node, a last node, and one or more intermediate nodes;
means for regulating current flows from the first, last, and intermediate nodes to an output terminal, wherein the current flows from the first, last, and intermediate nodes are regulated based on a plurality of feedback voltages;
an output resistor that generates an output voltage at the output terminal based on the regulated current flows; and
means for generating the feedback voltages from the output voltage and for preventing current from flowing through upstream nodes when a downstream node is selected.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the means for regulating is a plurality of current cells, and wherein the means for generating is a feedback circuit.