Recovering a caustic solution via calcium carbonate crystal aggregates

1. A system for growing crystalline calcium carbonate solids in the presence of an alkaline carbonate solution such that each of at least portion of the crystalline calcium carbonate solids comprise a volume from about 0.0005 mm 3 to about 5 mm 3 , comprising:

a slaker configured to react quicklime (CaO) and a fluid that is substantially free from carbonate to yield a slurry of primarily slaked lime (Ca(OH) 2 );

a fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer configured to enclose a solid bed mass and comprising an input fluidly coupled to the slaker to receive the slurry of primarily slaked lime, an input for an alkaline carbonate solution comprising between 0.1M to 4.0M hydroxide and between 0.1M to 4.1M carbonate, and an output for crystalline calcium carbonate solids that comprise particles each with a volume between about 0.0005 mm 3 and about 5 mm 3 and the alkaline carbonate solution;

a dewatering apparatus that comprises an input coupled to the output of the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer and an output configured to discharge a plurality of separate streams that each comprise a portion of the crystalline calcium carbonate solids and alkaline carbonate solution;

a seed transfer apparatus configured to deliver seed material into the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer to maintain a consistent mass of seed material within the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer; and

a control system communicably coupled to, and configured to control, at least one of the slaker, the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer, the dewatering apparatus, or the seed transfer apparatus to produce crystalline calcium carbonate solids with a volume from about 0.0005 mm 3 to about 5 mm 3 .

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the seed transfer apparatus is further configured to return a portion of the crystalline calcium carbonate solids that comprise a volume less than about 0.3 mm 3 from the dewatering apparatus, together with the seed material, to the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the seed transfer apparatus is further configured to return a portion of the crystalline calcium carbonate solids that comprise a volume less than about 0.3 mm 3 from the dewatering apparatus, to the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer in separate batches from the seed material.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer comprises a spouted bed.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer further comprises a cone shaped entry section.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the input for the slurry of primarily slaked lime comprises an injection port fluidly coupled to a recirculation stream influent upstream of the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer.

7. The system of claim 4 , wherein the input for the alkaline carbonate solution comprises an injection port fluidly coupled to a recirculation stream influent upstream of the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the input for the slurry of primarily slaked lime comprises a plurality of injection ports positioned to introduce the slurry into one or more planes that are orthogonal to fluid flow along a height of the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer and at one or more points within each plane.

9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an input for an additive.

10. The system of claim 1 , wherein a height of the solid bed mass is between 15 feet and 50 feet, between 30 feet and 50 feet, or between 30 feet and 40 feet.

11. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a solids-liquid separator to control a level of total suspended solids within the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the solids-liquid separator comprises at least one of a filter, a clarification system, or a centrifuge.

13. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a controller configured to control a calcium loading rate to control a level of total suspended solids within the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer.

14. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a separator fluidly coupled to an output of the dewatering apparatus to separate a portion of the discharged crystalline calcium carbonate solids that are below a desired volume, the separator comprising an output fluidly coupled to the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer to return the separated portion to the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer.

15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer is further configured to process at least a portion of the crystalline calcium carbonate solids to produce a seed material, and grow new calcium carbonate crystal aggregates on the seed material.

16. The system of claim 1 , wherein the input for the slurry of primarily slaked lime comprises:

an eductor configured to dilute the slurry of primarily slaked lime with fluid and facilitate transport of the slurry into the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer; and

at least one injection port or at least one lance fluidly coupled to the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer.

17. The system of claim 1 , wherein the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer comprises a cone shaped entry section, and the input for the slurry of primarily slaked lime comprises an injection port fluidly coupled to a recirculation stream influent upstream of the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer.

18. The system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of a gas absorber, an air-absorber, or an air-contactor fluidly coupled to the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer.

19. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a separation and washing station fluidly coupled to the output of the dewatering apparatus and fluidly coupled to the slaker, the separation and washing station configured to provide at least a portion of the fluid that is substantially free from carbonate to the slaker.