Methods and apparatus for audience measurement and determining infrared signal based on signature of symbol alphabet
View Patent ↗Methods and apparatus are disclosed for media monitoring and audience measurement. For example, an optical capture meter can capture data of an optical pulse stream detected from a media remote control. A key code detector can determine a key code, based on a query optical pulse signature including a query symbol alphabet. The key code corresponds to the key activated on the media remote control to control a media activity (e.g., changing television channels.) The foregoing can provide a generalized way of key code detection of media remote controls from various different manufacturers without complete prior knowledge and/or implementations of various different infrared signaling protocols employed in various media remote controls.
1. A media monitoring meter system comprising;
an optical capture meter to capture data of an optical pulse stream detected from a media remote control, the captured data of the optical pulse stream being associated with a query timestamp;
a symbol alphabet meter to be activated by the captured data of the optical pulse stream to generate a query symbol alphabet based on the captured data of the optical pulse stream;
a symbol distribution meter to be activated by the captured data of the optical pulse stream to generate a query symbol distribution based on the captured data of the optical pulse stream;
a message size meter to be activated by the captured data of the optical pulse stream to generate a query message size based on the captured data of the optical pulse stream;
a signature generator to generate a query optical pulse signature based on the query symbol alphabet, the query symbol distribution and the query message size to represent a key code corresponding to a key that was activated on the media remote control to generate the optical pulse stream, the query optical pulse signature being associated with the query timestamp; and
a symbol alphabet matcher to match the query symbol alphabet of the query optical pulse signature with a reference symbol alphabet of a reference optical pulse signature to generate a symbol alphabet match by:
generating a distance threshold; and
generating a Hamming distance between symbols in the query symbol alphabet and symbols in the reference symbol alphabet based on the distance threshold.
2. The meter system as defined in claim 1 , further including a key code detector to determine the key code, based on the query optical pulse signature, corresponding to the key activated on the media remote control to generate the optical pulse stream, the key code being associated with the query timestamp.
3. The meter system as defined in claim 2 wherein the key code detector is to determine the key code corresponding to the key activated on the media remote control to control a media activity.
4. The meter system as defined in claim 3 further including a collection meter to collect media signature data from the media activity controlled by the key activated on the media remote control, the media signature data being associated with a media signature timestamp.
5. The meter system as defined in claim 1 , further including a message size matcher to match the query message size of the query optical pulse signature with a reference message size of a reference optical pulse signature to generate a message size match.
6. The meter system as defined in claim 1 , further including a query symbol matcher to match the query symbol distribution of the query optical pulse signature with a reference symbol distribution of a reference optical pulse signature to generate a query symbol distribution match.
7. The meter system as defined in claim 1 , wherein to match the query symbol alphabet, the symbol alphabet matcher is further to:
generate a probability function based on an inverse of the Hamming distance;
determine a matching probability based on the probability function; and
determine the symbol alphabet match based on the matching probability.
8. The meter system as defined in claim 1 , wherein:
the optical pulse stream includes a plurality of bursts of optical pulses having respective burst cycle periods between corresponding extremities of adjacent bursts, and the bursts having respective burst durations; and
the optical capture meter is to determine both the respective burst cycle periods between corresponding extremities of adjacent bursts, and the respective burst durations of the bursts the optical pulse stream, to facilitate reduction of jitter in capturing the captured data.
9. The meter system as defined in claim 8 , wherein:
the symbol alphabet meter includes:
a threshold generator to generate a burst cycle period symbol threshold and a burst duration symbol threshold;
a quantizer to quantize the respective burst cycle periods and the respective burst durations into corresponding quantized burst cycle periods and quantized burst durations based on the burst cycle period symbol threshold and the burst duration symbol threshold; and
a cluster module to cluster the quantized burst cycle periods and quantized burst durations into clustered burst cycle period data and clustered burst duration data, wherein the symbol alphabet meter is to generate the query symbol alphabet based on the clustered burst cycle period data and the clustered burst duration data.
10. A method to monitor media, the method comprising:
capturing, by executing an instruction with a processor, data of an optical pulse stream from a media remote control, the captured data of the optical pulse stream being associated with a query timestamp;
generating, by executing an instruction with the processor, and in response to the capture of the data of the optical pulse stream, a query symbol alphabet based on the captured data of the optical pulse stream;
generating, by executing an instruction with the processor, and in response to the capture of the data of the optical pulse stream, a query symbol distribution based on the captured data of the optical pulse stream;
generating, by executing an instruction with the processor, and in response to the capture of the data of the optical pulse stream, a query message size based on the captured data of the optical pulse stream;
generating, by executing an instruction with the processor, a query optical pulse signature based on the query symbol alphabet, the query symbol distribution and the query message size to represent a key code corresponding to a key that was activated on the media remote control to generate the optical pulse stream, the query optical pulse signature being associated with the query timestamp; and
matching the query symbol alphabet of the query optical pulse signature to a reference symbol alphabet of the reference optical pulse signature by:
generating a distance threshold; and
generating a Hamming distance between symbols in the query symbol alphabet and symbols in the reference symbol alphabet based on the distance threshold.
11. The method as defined in claim 10 , further including matching the query message size of the query optical pulse signature to a reference message size of the reference optical pulse signature.
12. The method as defined in claim 10 , further including matching the query symbol distribution of the query optical pulse signature to a reference symbol distribution of the reference optical pulse signature.
13. The method as defined in claim 10 , wherein the matching of the query symbol alphabet further includes:
generating a probability function based on an inverse of the Hamming distance;
determining a matching probability based on the probability function; and
determining the symbol alphabet match based on the matching probability.
14. The method as defined in claim 10 , wherein:
the optical pulse stream includes a plurality of bursts of optical pulses, having respective burst cycle periods between corresponding extremities of adjacent bursts, the bursts having respective burst durations; and
capturing the captured data includes determining both the respective burst cycle periods between corresponding extremities of adjacent bursts, and the respective burst durations of the bursts the optical pulse stream, to facilitate reduction of jitter in capturing the capture data.
15. The method as defined in claim 14 , wherein the generating of the symbol alphabet includes:
generating a burst cycle period symbol threshold and a burst duration symbol threshold;
quantizing the burst cycle periods and the burst durations into corresponding quantized burst cycle periods and quantized burst durations based on the burst cycle period symbol threshold and the burst duration symbol threshold;
clustering the quantized burst cycle periods and quantized burst durations into clustered burst cycle period data and clustered burst duration data; and
generating the query symbol alphabet based on the clustered burst cycle period data and the clustered burst duration data.
16. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising machine readable instructions which, when executed, cause a logic circuit to at least:
capture data of an optical pulse stream from a media remote control, the captured data of the optical pulse stream being associated with a query timestamp;
generate a query symbol alphabet based on the captured data of the optical pulse stream in response to the data of the optical pulse stream being captured;
generate a query symbol distribution based on the captured data of the optical pulse stream in response to the data of the optical pulse stream being captured;
generate a query message size based on the captured data of the optical pulse stream in response to the data of the optical pulse stream being captured; and
generate a query optical pulse signature based on the query symbol alphabet, the query symbol distribution and the query message size to represent a key code corresponding to a key that was activated on the media remote control to generate the optical pulse stream, the query optical pulse signature being associated with the query timestamp; and
match the query symbol alphabet of the query optical pulse signature to a reference symbol alphabet of the reference optical pulse signature by:
generating a distance threshold; and
generating a Hamming distance between symbols in the query symbol alphabet and symbols in the reference symbol alphabet based on the distance threshold.