Hydraulic drive system for electrically-operated hydraulic work machine
An electrically-operated hydraulic work machine drives an actuator with a hydraulic pump driven by an electric motor and exercises load sensing control by controlling the rotation speed of the electric motor. The useful life of an electrical storage device, which is an electrical power source for the electric motor, is increased by suppressing the horsepower consumption of the hydraulic pump. This prolongs the operating time of the electrically-operated hydraulic work machine, and reduces the size of the electric motor. A controller exercises load sensing control over a variable displacement main pump by controlling the rotation speed of the electric motor, and provides the main pump with a torque control device that reduces the delivery rate of the main pump when the delivery pressure of the main pump increases, or provides the controller with a control algorithm that performs the same function as the torque control device.
1. A hydraulic drive system for an electrically-operated hydraulic work machine, the work machine having
an electric motor,
a hydraulic pump driven by the electric motor,
a plurality of actuators driven by a hydraulic fluid discharged from the hydraulic pump,
a plurality of flow control valves configured to control a flow rate of the hydraulic fluid supplied from the hydraulic pump to the actuators,
an electrical storage device configured to supply electrical power to the electric motor,
an electric motor rotation speed control system configured to control a rotation speed of the electric motor, and
a torque control device configured to control an absorption torque of the hydraulic pump,
wherein the electric motor rotation speed control system is configured to control the rotation speed of the electric motor in such a manner that a delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump is higher than a highest load pressure of the actuators by a target differential pressure when the electric motor is driven to drive the hydraulic pump, and
the torque control device is configured to control the absorption torque of the hydraulic pump in such a manner that the absorption torque of the hydraulic pump does not exceed a predefined maximum torque by decreasing a delivery rate of the hydraulic pump when the delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump driven by the electric motor increases,
wherein the electric motor rotation speed control system includes:
a first pressure sensor to detect the delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump,
a second pressure sensor to detect the highest load pressure,
an inverter configured to control the rotation speed of the electric motor, and
a controller configured to:
compute a virtual displacement of the hydraulic pump, which increases or decreases depending on whether a differential pressure deviation is positive or negative, wherein the differential pressure deviation is a difference between the target differential pressure and a difference pressure, which is a difference between the delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump and the highest load pressure of the actuators which are detected by the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor,
compute a target flow rate of the hydraulic pump by multiplying the virtual displacement by a reference rotation speed, and
output a control command to the inverter to control the rotation speed of the electric motor in such a manner that the delivery rate of the hydraulic pump agrees with the target flow rate.
2. The hydraulic drive system according to claim 1 ,
wherein the torque control device is one function of the controller incorporated in the controller.
3. The hydraulic drive system according to claim 2 ,
wherein the controller is further configured to:
compute, in accordance with the delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump detected by the first pressure sensor, a virtual displacement limit value that decreases with an increase in the delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump,
determine a new virtual displacement by selecting the smaller of the computer virtual displacement and the virtual displacement limit value, and
compute the target flow rate of the hydraulic pump by multiplying the new virtual displacement by the reference rotation speed.
4. The hydraulic drive system according to claim 3 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
set the reference rotation speed in accordance with a command signal from an operating device that instructs the reference rotation speed, and
compute the target differential pressure and the target flow rate in accordance with the reference rotation speed.
5. The hydraulic drive system according to claim 1 ,
wherein the torque control device is a regulator incorporated in the hydraulic pump.