Compositions and methods related to half salts of herbicidal carboxylic acids
Half salts of certain synthetic auxin herbicides are provided. These half salts are useful for controlling unwanted plant growth. The half salts have low solubility in water, low volatility relative to commercial compositions of the corresponding synthetic auxin herbicides, and offer comparable herbicidal performance when compared to existing salts of the synthetic auxin herbicides.
1. A half salt of a synthetic auxin herbicide that has the formula
wherein R is independently H or CH 3 ; n is an integer selected from 1, 2 or 3; Ar is a phenyl or pyridine group substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, amino, C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, and di(C 1 -C 6 alkyl)amino; and M is a monovalent metal cation or a tetrasubstituted ammonium ion; and
wherein the half salt has a water solubility within a pH range of from about 3 to about 6 of less than about 1 wt % with respect to the total weight of water and the half salt.
2. The half salt of claim 1 , wherein the monovalent metal cation is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, and potassium.
3. The half salt of claim 1 , wherein the tetrasubstituted ammonium ion is selected from the group consisting of tetramethyl ammonium, tetraethyl ammonium and choline.
4. The half salt of claim 1 , wherein the synthetic auxin herbicide is selected from the group consisting of 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, triclopyr, fluroxypyr, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop, and mecoprop-P.
5. The half salt of claim 4 wherein the synthetic auxin herbicide is 2,4-D and M is sodium.
6. The half salt of claim 4 wherein the auxin herbicide is 2,4-D and M is potassium.
7. The half salt of claim 4 wherein the auxin herbicide is 2,4-D and M is lithium.
8. The half salt of claim 4 wherein the auxin herbicide is 2,4-D and M is choline.
9. The half salt of claim 4 wherein the auxin herbicide is triclopyr and M is sodium.
10. The half salt of claim 4 wherein the auxin herbicide is triclopyr and M is potassium.
11. The half salt of claim 4 wherein the auxin herbicide is triclopyr and M is lithium.
12. The half salt of claim 4 wherein the auxin herbicide is triclopyr and M is choline.
13. The half salt of claim 4 wherein the auxin herbicide is fluroxypyr and M is sodium.
14. The half salt of claim 4 wherein the auxin herbicide is fluroxypyr and M is potassium.
15. The half salt of claim 4 wherein the auxin herbicide is fluroxypyr and M is lithium.
16. The half salt of claim 4 wherein the auxin herbicide is fluroxypyr and M is choline.
17. A herbicidal composition comprising the half salt of claim 1 .
18. The herbicidal composition of claim 17 , further comprising one or more agriculturally acceptable adjuvants or carriers.
19. The herbicidal composition of claim 17 , wherein the composition is a liquid concentrate or a dry concentrate.
20. The herbicidal composition of claim 19 , wherein the liquid concentrate is a suspension concentrate.
21. The herbicidal composition of claim 19 , wherein the dry concentrate is selected from the group consisting of a powder, a granule, and a dispersible granule.
22. The herbicidal composition of claim 17 , wherein the composition is an aqueous spray solution or mixture.
23. The herbicidal composition of claim 17 further comprising a second herbicide.
24. The herbicidal composition of claim 23 , wherein the second herbicide is selected from the group consisting of glyphosate, glufosinate, and salts thereof.
25. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the synthetic auxin comprises the sodium half salt of 2,4-D and a salt of glyphosate.
26. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the synthetic auxin comprises the potassium half salt of 2,4-D and a salt of glyphosate.
27. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the synthetic auxin comprises the lithium half salt of 2,4-D and a salt of glyphosate.
28. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the synthetic auxin comprises the choline half salt of 2,4-D and a salt of glyphosate.
29. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the synthetic auxin comprises the sodium half salt of 2,4-D and a salt of glufosinate.
30. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the synthetic auxin comprises the potassium half salt of 2,4-D and a salt of glufosinate.
31. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the synthetic auxin comprises the lithium half salt of 2,4-D and a salt of glufosinate.
32. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the synthetic auxin comprises the choline half salt of 2,4-D and a salt of glufosinate.
33. The composition of claim 25 , wherein the salt of glyphosate is selected from the group consisting of the isopropyl ammonium salt, the dimethyl ammonium salt, and the potassium salt.
34. The composition of claim 26 , wherein the salt of glyphosate is selected from the group consisting of the isopropyl ammonium salt, the dimethyl ammonium salt, and the potassium salt.
35. The composition of claim 27 , wherein the salt of glyphosate is selected from the group consisting of the isopropyl ammonium salt, the dimethyl ammonium salt, and the potassium salt.
36. The composition of claim 28 , wherein the salt of glyphosate is selected from the group consisting of the isopropyl ammonium salt, the dimethyl ammonium salt, and the potassium salt.
37. The composition of claim 29 , wherein the salt of glufosinate is the ammonium salt.
38. The composition of claim 30 , wherein the salt of glufosinate is the ammonium salt.
39. The composition of claim 31 , wherein the salt of glufosinate is the ammonium salt.
40. The composition of claim 32 , wherein the salt of glufosinate is the ammonium salt.
41. A method of preparing the half salt of claim 1 comprising:
a) combining:
i) a solution consisting essentially of a first solvent and a synthetic auxin herbicide of formula
wherein R is independently H or CH 3 ; n is an integer selected from 1, 2 or 3; Ar is a phenyl or pyridine group substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, amino, C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, and di(C 1 -C 6 alkyl)amino; and
ii) a solution consisting essentially of a second solvent and one half molar equivalent of a base selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide and choline hydroxide; and
b) reacting the synthetic auxin herbicide and the base in the combined first and second solvents.
42. The method of claim 41 , wherein the synthetic auxin herbicide is selected from the group consisting of 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, triclopyr, fluroxypyr, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop, and mecoprop-P.
43. A method of controlling undesirable vegetation comprising contacting the vegetation or a locus thereof with, or applying to soil to prevent the emergence of vegetation, a herbicidally effective amount of the herbicidal composition of claim 17 .