Verification of radio station watermarking with software defined radios
View Patent ↗Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture (e.g., physical storage media) to verify radio station watermarking with software defined radios are disclosed. Example methods disclosed herein to verify watermarking of radio station broadcasts include calibrating a notch filter to attenuate a first radio station broadcast signal. Disclosed example methods also include tuning a software defined radio to demodulate a second radio station broadcast signal from an output of the notch filter, the second radio station broadcast signal different from the first radio station broadcast signal. Disclosed example methods further include processing, with a watermark decoder, audio data resulting from the tuning of the software defined radio to verify watermarking of the second radio station broadcast signal.
1. An apparatus to verify watermarking of radio station broadcasts, the apparatus comprising:
a notch filter to attenuate a first radio station broadcast signal;
a software defined radio to receive a second radio station broadcast signal from an output of the notch filter, the second radio station broadcast signal different from the first radio station broadcast signal, wherein the software defined radio includes:
a software defined radio front-end to downconvert a radio frequency band to a baseband signal, the radio frequency band including the first radio station broadcast signal and the second radio station broadcast signal; and
a software defined radio application to tune to a portion of the baseband signal corresponding to the second radio station broadcast signal and to demodulate the portion of the baseband signal to generate the audio data, the software defined radio application executed by a processor; and
a watermark decoder to process audio data corresponding to the second radio station broadcast signal received by the software defined radio to verify watermarking of the second radio station broadcast signal.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the software defined radio front-end is to downconvert the radio frequency band based on a receiver center frequency specified as a configuration input.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the radio frequency band corresponds to a frequency modulation (FM) radio band, and the software defined radio application includes an FM demodulator to demodulate the portion of the baseband signal to generate the audio data, and further including memory to store the audio data in an audio data file associated with the second radio station broadcast signal.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the radio frequency band corresponds to an amplitude modulation (AM) radio band, and the software defined radio application includes an AM demodulator to demodulate the portion of the baseband signal to generate the audio data, and further including memory to store the audio data in an audio data file associated with the second radio station broadcast signal.
5. An apparatus to verify watermarking of radio station broadcasts, the apparatus comprising:
a notch filter to attenuate a first radio station broadcast signal;
a software defined radio to receive a second radio station broadcast signal from an output of the notch filter, the second radio station broadcast signal different from the first radio station broadcast signal; and
a watermark decoder to process audio data corresponding to the second radio station broadcast signal received by the software defined radio to verify watermarking of the second radio station broadcast signal, wherein the software defined radio includes a first software defined radio front-end, and to calibrate the notch filter, the apparatus further includes:
a second software defined radio front-end, wherein one of the first software defined radio front-end or the second software defined radio front-end is to transmit a sinusoidal signal to an input of the notch filter, the sinusoidal signal having a frequency corresponding to a carrier frequency of the first radio station broadcast signal, and a different one of the first software defined radio front-end or the second software defined radio front-end is to receive a radio frequency signal from an output of the notch filter based on a receiver center frequency corresponding to the carrier frequency of the first radio station broadcast signal; and
a report generator to output a calibration status report to indicate whether a strength of the received radio frequency signal has been attenuated by at least a threshold amount relative to a strength of the transmitted sinusoidal signal, the notch filter being adjustable to attenuate the received radio frequency signal.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the notch filter is a first notch filter, and further including a second notch filter, the first notch filter to filter an output of the second notch filter, the second notch filter to attenuate a third radio station broadcast signal different from the first radio station broadcast signal and the second radio station broadcast signal.
7. A method to verify watermarking of radio station broadcasts, the method comprising:
calibrating a notch filter to attenuate a first radio station broadcast signal;
tuning, by executing an instruction with a processor, a software defined radio to receive a second radio station broadcast signal from an output of the notch filter, the second radio station broadcast signal different from the first radio station broadcast signal, wherein the software defined radio includes a software defined radio front-end and a software defined radio application executed by the processor, and the tuning of the software defined radio includes:
controlling the software defined radio front-end to downconvert a radio frequency band to a baseband signal, the radio frequency band including the first radio station broadcast signal and the second radio station broadcast signal; and
controlling the software defined radio application to tune to a portion of the baseband signal corresponding to the second radio station broadcast signal and to demodulate the portion of the baseband signal to generate the audio data; and
processing, with a watermark decoder, audio data resulting from the tuning of the software defined radio to verify watermarking of the second radio station broadcast signal.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the controlling of the software defined radio front-end includes configuring a receiver center frequency corresponding to a center frequency of the radio frequency band.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the radio frequency band corresponds to a frequency modulation (FM) radio band, and the controlling of the software defined radio application includes:
configuring the software defined radio application to implement an FM demodulator to demodulate the baseband signal to generate the audio data; and
storing the audio data in an audio data file associated with the second radio station broadcast signal.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the radio frequency band corresponds to an amplitude modulation (AM) radio band, and the controlling of the software defined radio application includes:
configuring the software defined radio application to implement an AM demodulator to demodulate the baseband signal to generate the audio data; and
storing the audio data in an audio data file associated with the second radio station broadcast signal.
11. A method to verify watermarking of radio station broadcasts, the method comprising:
calibrating a notch filter to attenuate a first radio station broadcast signal;
tuning, by executing an instruction with a processor, a software defined radio to receive a second radio station broadcast signal from an output of the notch filter, the second radio station broadcast signal different from the first radio station broadcast signal; and
processing, with a watermark decoder, audio data resulting from the tuning of the software defined radio to verify watermarking of the second radio station broadcast signal, wherein the calibrating of the notch filter includes:
controlling a first software defined radio front-end to transmit a sinusoidal signal to an input of the notch filter, the sinusoidal signal having a frequency corresponding to a carrier frequency of the first radio station broadcast signal;
controlling a second software defined radio front-end to receive a radio frequency signal from an output of the notch filter based on a receiver center frequency corresponding to the carrier frequency of the first radio station broadcast signal; and
adjusting the notch filter to attenuate a strength of the radio frequency signal received by the second software defined radio front-end by at least a threshold amount relative to a strength of the sinusoidal signal transmitted by the first software defined radio front-end.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the notch filter is a first notch filter, the first notch filter filters an output of a second notch filter, and further including calibrating the second notch filter to attenuate a third radio station broadcast signal different from the first radio station broadcast signal and the second radio station broadcast signal.
13. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising computer readable instructions which, when executed, cause a processor to at least:
calibrate a notch filter to attenuate a first radio station broadcast signal;
tune a software defined radio to demodulate a second radio station broadcast signal from an output of the notch filter, the second radio station broadcast signal different from the first radio station broadcast signal, wherein the software defined radio includes a software defined radio front-end and a software defined radio application executed by the processor, and the instructions, when executed, cause the processor to tune the software defined radio by:
controlling the software defined radio front-end to downconvert a radio frequency band to a baseband signal, the radio frequency band including the first radio station broadcast signal and the second radio station broadcast signal; and
controlling the software defined radio application to tune to a portion of the baseband signal corresponding to the second radio station broadcast signal and to demodulate the portion of the baseband signal to generate the audio data; and
use a watermark decoder to process audio data resulting from the tuning of the software defined radio to verify watermarking of the second radio station broadcast signal.
14. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 13 , wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the processor to control the software defined radio front-end by configuring a receiver center frequency corresponding to a center frequency of the radio frequency band.
15. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 13 , wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the processor to control the software defined radio application by:
configuring the software defined radio application to implement at least one of a frequency modulation (FM) demodulator or an amplitude modulation (AM) demodulator to demodulate the baseband signal to generate the audio data; and
memory to store the audio data in an audio data file associated with the second radio station broadcast signal.
16. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising computer readable instructions which, when executed, cause a processor to at least:
calibrate a notch filter to attenuate a first radio station broadcast signal;
tune a software defined radio to demodulate a second radio station broadcast signal from an output of the notch filter, the second radio station broadcast signal different from the first radio station broadcast signal; and
use a watermark decoder to process audio data resulting from the tuning of the software defined radio to verify watermarking of the second radio station broadcast signal, wherein the computer readable instructions, when executed, further cause the processor to calibrate the notch filter by:
controlling a first software defined radio front-end to transmit a sinusoidal signal to an input of the notch filter, the sinusoidal signal having a frequency corresponding to a carrier frequency of the first radio station broadcast signal;
controlling a second software defined radio front-end to receive a radio frequency signal from an output of the notch filter based on a receiver center frequency corresponding to the carrier frequency of the first radio station broadcast signal; and
outputting a calibration status report to indicate whether a strength of the received radio frequency signal has been attenuated by at least a threshold amount relative to a strength of the transmitted sinusoidal signal, the notch filter being adjustable to attenuate the received radio frequency signal.
17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 13 , wherein the notch filter is a first notch filter, the first notch filter filters an output of a second notch filter, and the instructions, when executed, further cause the processor to calibrate the second notch filter to attenuate a third radio station broadcast signal different from the first radio station broadcast signal and the second radio station broadcast signal.