Filter media including adhesives
Articles and methods involving filter media are generally provided. In certain embodiments, the filter media includes at least a first layer, a second layer, and an adhesive resin positioned between the first layer and the second layer. In some embodiments, the first layer may be a pre-filter layer or a support layer. The second layer may, for example, comprise fibers formed by a solution spinning process and/or may comprise fine fibers. In some embodiments, the adhesive resin may be present in a relatively low amount and/or may have a low glass transition temperature. The filter media as a whole may have one or more advantageous properties, including one or more of a high stiffness, a high bond strength between the first layer and the second layer, a high gamma, and/or a low increase in air resistance after being subjected to an IPA vapor discharge. The filter media may be, for example, a HEPA filter and/or an ULPA filter.
1. A filter media, comprising:
a first layer;
a second layer, wherein the second layer is formed of fibers having an average fiber diameter of less than 1 micron, and wherein the second layer comprises synthetic fibers; and
an adhesive between the first layer and the second layer, wherein the first layer is bonded to the second layer by the adhesive,
wherein the adhesive is cross-linked by a cross-linking agent,
wherein the cross-linking agent makes up greater than or equal to 0.1 wt % and less than or equal to 30 wt % of the adhesive,
wherein the filter media has a stiffness of greater than or equal to 200 mg,
wherein a bond strength between the first and second layers is greater than or equal to 150 g/in 2 , and
wherein the filter media exhibits a gamma value of greater than or equal to 18 at the most penetrating particle size.
2. A filter media, comprising:
a first layer;
a second layer, wherein the second layer is formed of fibers having an average fiber diameter of less than 1 micron; and
an adhesive between the first layer and the second layer, wherein the first layer is bonded to the second layer by the adhesive,
wherein the adhesive comprises a solvent-based resin comprising a polymer having a glass transition temperature of less than or equal to 24° C.,
wherein the adhesive is cross-linked by a cross-linking agent,
wherein the cross-linking agent makes up greater than or equal to 0.1 wt % and less than or equal to 30 wt % of the adhesive, and
wherein the filter media exhibits an air resistance increase of less than 50% after subjecting the filter media to an isopropyl alcohol vapor discharge compared to the filter media prior to the isopropyl alcohol vapor discharge.
3. A method of fabricating a filter media, comprising:
spraying a composition comprising a solvent-based adhesive resin and a cross-linking agent onto a first layer to form an adhesive-coated first layer, wherein the cross-linking agent makes up greater than or equal to 0.1 wt % and less than or equal to 30 wt % of the adhesive coating the first layer;
performing a solvent-based spinning process to deposit fibers onto the adhesive-coated first layer, wherein the fibers have an average fiber diameter of less than 1 micron and form a second layer; and
laminating the second layer to a third layer such that the third layer is positioned on a side of the second layer opposite the first layer.
4. A filter media, comprising:
a first layer;
a second layer, wherein the second layer is formed of fibers having an average fiber diameter of less than 1 micron; and
an adhesive between the first layer and the second layer,
wherein the adhesive between the first layer and the second layer is present in an amount of less than 10 gsm, wherein the first layer is bonded to the second layer by the adhesive, and wherein a bond strength between the first and second layers is greater than or equal to 150 g/in 2 ,
wherein the adhesive is cross-linked by a cross-linking agent,
wherein the cross-linking agent makes up greater than or equal to 0.1 wt % and less than or equal to 30 wt % of the adhesive, and
wherein the filter media exhibits an air resistance increase of less than 50% after subjecting the filter media to an isopropyl alcohol vapor discharge compared to the filter media prior to the IPA vapor discharge.
5. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the filter media has an efficiency of greater than 95% according to standard EN1822:2009.
6. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the filter media has an efficiency of greater than 99.95% according to standard EN1822:2009.
7. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the filter media has an efficiency of greater than 99.995% according to standard EN1822:2009.
8. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the filter media has an efficiency of greater than 99.9995% according to standard EN1822:2009.
9. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the fibers of the second layer are solvent-spun fibers.
10. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the fibers of the second layer are electrospun fibers or centrifugal spun fibers.
11. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the first layer is a wetlaid layer or support layer.
12. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the filter media comprises a third layer.
13. A filter media as in claim 12 , wherein the third layer is a meltblown layer.
14. A filter media as in claim 13 , wherein the third layer is a charged meltblown layer.
15. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the adhesive comprises water.
16. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the adhesive has a glass transition temperature of greater than or equal to −150° C.
17. A filter media as in claim 12 , further comprising an adhesive between the second layer and the third layer, and wherein the adhesive between the second layer and the third layer is present in an amount of less than 10 gsm.
18. A filter media as in claim 12 , further comprising a fourth layer.
19. A filter media as in claim 18 , wherein the fourth layer comprises fibers that are solvent-spun fibers.
20. A filter media as in claim 18 , wherein the fourth layer comprises fibers that are electrospun fibers or centrifugal spun fibers.
21. A filter media as in claim 18 , further comprising a fifth layer.
22. A filter media as in claim 21 , wherein the fifth layer is a meltblown layer.
23. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the value of gamma at the most penetrating particle size after being exposed to isopropyl alcohol vapor is greater than or equal to 14.
24. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the adhesive is capable of undergoing a cross-linking reaction at greater than or equal to 24° C. and less than or equal to 150° C. and wherein the adhesive has a glass transition temperature of less than or equal to 24° C.
25. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the adhesive comprises an acrylate and/or an acrylate copolymer.
26. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the adhesive comprises a reaction product of a carboxylic acid group and the cross-linking agent.
27. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the cross-linking agent cross-links the adhesive by a reaction between the adhesive and a carbodiimide functional group thereon.
28. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the cross-linking agent makes up greater than or equal to 5 wt % and less than or equal to 30 wt % of the adhesive.