Detecting shingled overwrite errors

1. An apparatus comprising:

a processor configured to:

detect an error at a first sector when performing a read operation on a recording track;

determine a read signal metric based on a read signal quality of one or more sectors preceding the first sector, the read signal metric indicating whether the error is caused by overwriting from an adjacent track;

performing error recovery operations on the first sector when the read signal metric is not lower than a threshold value; and

not performing error recovery operations on the first sector when the read signal metric is lower than the threshold value.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 comprising the processor further configured to determine whether the error is caused by overwriting from an adjacent track based on comparing the read signal quality to the threshold value.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 comprising the processor further configured to:

determine the read signal quality based on a number of bit errors detected in the one or more sectors preceding the first sector; and

determine that the error is caused by overwriting from an adjacent track when the read signal quality is less than the threshold value.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 comprising the processor further configured to:

calculate a bit error ratio (BER) based on the number of bit errors and a total number of bits read from the one or more sectors to determine the read signal quality; and

determine that the error is caused by overwriting from an adjacent track when the BER is less than the threshold value.

5. The apparatus of claim 2 comprising the processor further configured to:

determine the read signal quality based on a variable gain amplifier (VGA) value for the one or more sectors preceding the first sector; and

determine that the error is caused by overwriting from an adjacent track when the read signal quality is less than the threshold value.

6. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising:

the one or more sectors include a plurality of sectors;

the processor further configured to:

determine an average read signal quality value by averaging read signal metrics for the plurality of sectors; and

determine whether the error is caused by overwriting from an adjacent track based on comparing the average read signal quality value to the threshold value.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising:

a memory;

the processor further configured to:

allocate a buffer in the memory to store read signal metrics for the plurality of sectors; and

when the error is encountered, access the buffer to determine the average read signal quality value.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 comprising the processor further configured to:

determine whether the buffer includes read signal metrics for a minimum number of sectors preceding the first sector; and

when the buffer does not include read signal metrics for the minimum number of sectors, perform an additional read operation on additional sectors preceding the first sector to reach the minimum number of sectors.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 comprising the processor further configured to:

when the read signal metric is lower than the threshold value, determine whether a data backup is available for data of the first sector; and

when the data backup is available, rewrite the first sector using the data backup.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 comprising the processor further configured to:

receive a read command from a host device directing the processor to perform the read operation; and

return a read error indicator to the host device when the read signal metric is lower than the threshold value.

11. A method comprising:

detecting a read error at a first sector when performing a read operation on shingled recording tracks of a data storage device;

determining whether the read error is caused by shingled overwriting of the first sector based on a read signal metric of at least one sector preceding the first sector; and

determining whether a data backup is available for data of the first sector when the error is determined to be caused by shingled overwriting; and

rewriting the first sector using the data backup when the data backup is available.

12. The method of claim 11 further comprising:

determining the read error is not caused by shingled overwriting when the read signal metric is not lower than a threshold value; and

performing error recovery operations on the first sector when the read error is not caused by shingled overwriting.

13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:

determining the read error is caused by shingled overwriting when the read signal metric is lower than the threshold value; and

not performing error recovery operations on the first sector when the read error is caused by shingled overwriting.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:

the at least one sector includes a plurality of sectors;

allocating a buffer in a memory to store read signal metrics for the plurality of sectors;

accessing the buffer to obtain the read signal metrics when the read error is encountered;

determining an average read signal quality value by averaging the read signal metrics; and

determining whether the read error is caused by shingled overwriting based on comparing the average read signal quality value to the threshold value.

15. The method of claim 14 further comprising:

determining whether the buffer includes read signal metrics for a minimum number of sectors preceding the first sector; and

when the buffer does not include read signal metrics for the minimum number of sectors, performing an additional read operation on additional sectors preceding the first sector to reach the minimum number of sectors.

16. The method of claim 11 further comprising:

receiving a read command from a host device at a data storage device to perform the read operation; and

returning a read error indicator from the data storage device to the host device when the error is determined to be caused by shingled overwriting.

17. A non-transitory memory device storing instructions that, when executed, cause a processor to perform a method comprising:

detecting a read error at a first sector when performing a read operation on tracks of a data storage device;

determining whether the read error is an error caused by overwriting of the first sector by:

determining a read signal quality of one or more sectors preceding the first sector;

determining whether the read error is caused by overwriting based on comparing the read signal quality to a threshold value; and

canceling an operation for the first sector when the error is determined to be caused by overwriting.

18. The non-transitory memory device of claim 17 storing instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform a method further comprising:

the one or more sectors include a plurality of sectors;

allocating a buffer in a memory to store read signal metrics for the plurality of sectors;

accessing the buffer to obtain the read signal metrics when the read error is encountered;

determining an average read signal quality value by averaging the read signal metrics; and

determining whether the read error is caused by overwriting based on comparing the average read signal quality value to the threshold value.

19. The non-transitory memory device of claim 17 storing instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform a method further comprising:

receiving a read command from a host device at a data storage device to perform the read operation;

performing error recovery operations on the first sector when the error is determined to not be caused by overwriting; and

returning a read error indicator from the data storage device to the host device when the error is determined to be caused by overwriting.