Free-space multicast switch with elliptical beams
A free-space MCS may include an input port to launch a beam of light, N output ports, a beam splitter to split the beam of light into N portions, and a deflector array including N deflectors aligned in an array direction. Each deflector may have an active region with a size in the array direction that matches a size in the array direction of a portion, of the N portions, incident thereon. The free-space MCS may include first beam shaping optics to form a first elliptical beam spot at the beam splitter with a major axis substantially perpendicular to the switching direction, and an angle-to-offset element to direct each of the N portions from the beam splitter to a different deflector of the N deflectors. Each of the N portions may have, at the deflector, a second elliptical beam spot with a major axis substantially parallel to the switching direction.
1. A free-space multicast switch (MCS), comprising:
an input port array including an input port to launch a beam of light;
an output port array including N (N>1) output ports;
a beam splitter optically disposed between the input port array and the output port array, the beam splitter to split the beam of light into at least N portions in a splitting direction;
a deflector array optically disposed between the beam splitter and the output port array,
the deflector array including N deflectors aligned in an array direction,
each deflector, of the N deflectors, having a switching direction that is substantially perpendicular to the splitting direction, and
each of the N deflectors having an active region with a size in the array direction that matches a size in the array direction of a portion, of the N portions, incident thereon;
first beam shaping optics optically disposed between the input port array and the beam splitter and second beam shaping optics optically disposed between the output port array and the deflector array,
the first beam shaping optics to shape the beam of light and form a first elliptical beam spot at the beam splitter,
a major axis of the first elliptical beam spot being substantially perpendicular to the switching direction; and
an angle-to-offset (ATO) element optically disposed between the beam splitter and the deflector array,
wherein the beam splitter and the deflector array are each disposed such that the ATO element is to direct each of the at least N portions of the beam of light from the beam splitter to a different deflector of the N deflectors,
each of the at least N portions having, at the deflector, a second elliptical beam spot with a major axis substantially parallel to the switching direction.
2. The free-space MCS of claim 1 , wherein a length of a major axis of the first elliptical beam spot is at least four times larger than a length of a minor axis of the first elliptical beam spot, and a length of a major axis of the second elliptical beam spot is at least four times larger than a length of a minor axis of the second elliptical beam spot.
3. The free-space MCS of claim 1 , wherein the beam splitter is a diffractive beam splitter.
4. The free-space MCS of claim 1 , wherein N is greater than or equal to sixteen.
5. The free-space MCS of claim 1 , wherein the free-space MCS includes at least 16 input ports or at least 16 output ports.
6. The free-space MCS of claim 1 , wherein the ATO element comprises one of a convex lens, a gradient index lens, or a concave mirror.
7. The free-space MCS of claim 1 , wherein the ATO element comprises at least one spherical lens or aspherical lens.
8. The free-space MCS of claim 1 , wherein the ATO element has a focal length substantially equal to a square root of a Rayleigh range of the major axis of the first elliptical beam spot multiplied by a Rayleigh range of a minor axis of the first elliptical beam spot.
9. The free-space MCS of claim 1 , wherein each of the first beam shaping optics and the second beam shaping optics comprises:
a cylindrical lens;
a cylindrical mirror; or first and second anamorphic prisms.
10. The free-space MCS of claim 1 , wherein the deflector array comprises one of a one-dimensional (1D) array of 1D tilting micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) micro-mirrors, a 1D array of 1D switching liquid crystal phased elements, or a 1D array of liquid crystal polarization rotating elements and a polarization splitting element.
11. The free-space MCS of claim 1 , wherein each deflector of the N deflectors is a one-dimensional tilting micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) micro-mirror having a size in the switching direction that is greater than a size in the array direction.
12. The free-space MCS of claim 11 , wherein each MEMS micro-mirror has a size in the array direction between 2.4 and 4.0 times a 1/e 2 intensity radius of a minor axis of the second elliptical beam spot.
13. The free-space MCS of claim 12 , wherein each MEMS micro-mirror has a size in the switching direction between 2.4 and 5.0 times a 1/e 2 intensity radius in of a major axis of the second elliptical beam spot.
14. The free-space MCS of claim 1 , wherein an orientation of the input port array is perpendicular to an orientation of the deflector array and the output port array.
15. The free-space MCS of claim 1 , wherein the input port array is optically coupled to an input fiber array, and the output port array is optically coupled to an output fiber array.
16. A free-space multicast switch (MCS), comprising:
an input port array, each input port of the input port array to launch a beam of light;
an output port array including N (N>1) output ports;
a beam splitter optically disposed between the input port array and the output port array to split each of the beams of light into at least N portions in a splitting direction;
a deflector array optically disposed between the beam splitter and the output port array,
the deflector array including N deflectors,
each of the N deflectors to deflect light in a switching direction perpendicular to the splitting direction,
each of the N deflectors to receive one of the N portions from each beam of light, and to couple a selected portion to an output port of the output port array, and
each of the N deflectors having an active region with dimensions matching dimensions of the N portions incident thereon;
first beam shaping optics optically disposed between the input port array and the beam splitter to transform a shape of the beams of light to be elliptical in the splitting direction at the beam splitter;
angle-to-offset optics optically disposed between the beam splitter and the deflector array to transform a shape of the N portions to be elliptical in the switching direction at the deflector array; and
second beam shaping optics optically disposed between the deflector array and the output port array to transform a shape of the selected portions to be circular at the output port array.
17. The free-space MCS of claim 16 , wherein a length of a major axis of the shape of the beam at the beam splitter is at least four times larger than a length of a minor axis of the beam at the beam splitter.
18. The free-space MCS of claim 16 , wherein a length of a major axis of the shape of each of the N portions at the deflector array is at least four times larger than a length of a minor axis of each of the N portions at the deflector array.
19. A free-space multicast switch (MCS), comprising:
an input port array including an input port to launch a beam of light;
first beam shaping optics to shape the beam of light and form a first elliptical beam spot at a beam splitter,
the first elliptical beam spot having a first ellipticity ratio that is a ratio of a length of a first axis of the first elliptical beam spot to a length of a second axis of the first elliptical beam spot,
the first axis of the first elliptical beam spot being substantially parallel to a splitting direction of the beam splitter,
the second axis of the first elliptical beam spot being substantially perpendicular to the splitting direction of the beam splitter, and
the length of the first axis of the first elliptical beam spot being at least four times larger than the length of the second axis of the first elliptical beam spot;
the beam splitter to split the beam of light into N (N>1) portions in the splitting direction;
an angle-to-offset (ATO) element to form N second elliptical beam spots, corresponding to each of the N portions, at N different deflectors of a deflector array,
each of the N second elliptical beam spots having a second ellipticity ratio that is a ratio of a length of a first axis of the second elliptical beam spot to a length of a second axis of the second elliptical beam spot,
the first axis of the second elliptical beam spot being substantially perpendicular to a switching direction of the deflector array,
the switching direction being substantially perpendicular to the splitting direction,
the second axis of the second elliptical beam spot being substantially parallel to the splitting direction of the beam splitter, and
the length of the first axis of the second elliptical beam spot being at least four times smaller than the length of the second axis of the second elliptical beam spot;
the deflector array, including the N deflectors, to deflect each of the N portions in the switching direction; and
an output port array including N output ports, each output port corresponding to a different deflector of the N deflectors.
20. The free-space MCS of claim 19 , wherein each of the N deflectors has an active region with dimensions that match dimensions of the N portions incident thereon.