Control surfaces for use with high speed vehicles, and associated systems and methods
Vehicles with control surfaces and associated systems and methods are disclosed. In a particular embodiment, a rocket can include a plurality of bidirectional control surfaces positioned toward an aft portion of the rocket. In this embodiment, the bidirectional control surfaces can be operable to control the orientation and/or flight path of the rocket during both ascent, in a nose-first orientation, and descent, in a tail-first orientation for, e.g., a tail-down landing. Launch vehicles with fixed and deployable deceleration surfaces and associated systems and methods are also disclosed.
1. A rocket for transporting at least one of humans and cargo into space, the rocket comprising:
a first end portion;
a second end portion; and
a plurality of bidirectional control surfaces movably attached to the rocket, wherein each of the bidirectional control surface includes:
a root portion;
a distal tip portion spaced apart from the root portion;
a first edge portion extending between the root portion and the tip portion; and
a second edge portion extending between the root portion and the tip portion, wherein the first edge portion leads the second edge portion when the rocket is flying in a first orientation in which the first end portion leads the second end portion, and wherein the second edge portion leads the first edge portion when the rocket is flying in a second orientation in which the second end portion leads the first end portion.
2. The rocket of claim 1 wherein each of the bidirectional control surfaces exhibits a first lift slope when the rocket is flying in the first orientation, and wherein each of the bidirectional control surfaces exhibits a second lift slope that is more gradual than the first lift slope when the rocket is flying in the second orientation.
3. The rocket of claim 1 wherein the bidirectional control surfaces are positioned closer to the second end portion than the first end portion, and wherein the rocket further comprises one or more engine exhaust nozzles positioned proximate the second end portion.
4. The rocket of claim 1 , wherein the bidirectional control surfaces are configured to pivot back and forth about individual axes to aerodynamically control the rocket when the rocket is flying in the first orientation and when the rocket is flying in the second orientation.
5. The rocket of claim 1 , wherein each of the bidirectional control surfaces has a diamond-shaped cross-section.
6. The rocket of claim 1 , further comprising one or more engine exhaust nozzles positioned toward the second end portion, wherein the first edge portions of the bidirectional control surfaces face generally away from the second end portion and the second edge portions of the bidirectional control surfaces face generally away from the first end portion, wherein each of the bidirectional control surfaces is configured to rotate back and forth about a corresponding pivot axis, and wherein the pivot axis is positioned between a midpoint of the root and the first edge portion.
7. The rocket of claim 1 , further comprising one or more engine exhaust nozzles positioned toward the second end portion, wherein the first edge portions of the bidirectional control surfaces face generally away from the second end portion and the second edge portions of the bidirectional control surfaces face generally away from the first end portion, and wherein the first edge portions have a first sweep angle and the second edge portions have a second sweep angle that is greater than the first sweep angle.
8. The rocket of claim 1 , further comprising:
a payload module positioned toward the first end portion; and
a booster module positioned toward the second end portion, wherein the plurality of bidirectional control surfaces are attached to the booster module.
9. A method for controlling an airborne vehicle having a first end portion and a second end portion, the method comprising:
operably coupling at least one rocket engine toward the second end portion,
pivotally coupling a plurality of fins toward the second end portion;
aerodynamically controlling the vehicle with one or more control surfaces when the vehicle is flying in a first orientation in which the first end portion leads the second end portion, wherein the one or more control surfaces include the plurality of fins; and
aerodynamically controlling the vehicle with the one or more control surfaces when the vehicle is flying in a second orientation in which the second end portion leads the first end portion, wherein aerodynamically controlling the vehicle when the vehicle is flying in the first orientation includes pivoting at least one of the fins about a hinge line, and wherein aerodynamically controlling the vehicle when the vehicle is flying in the second orientation includes pivoting the at least one fin about the hinge line.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the airborne vehicle is a rocket.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein the airborne vehicle is a rocket, and wherein aerodynamically controlling the rocket when the rocket is flying in the first orientation includes aerodynamically controlling the rocket during ascent, and aerodynamically controlling the rocket when the rocket is flying in the second orientation includes aerodynamically controlling the rocket during descent.
12. A method of operating a rocket have a forward end portion and one or more rocket engines positioned toward an aft end portion, the method comprising:
igniting the one or more rocket engines to launch the rocket from Earth in a first orientation in which the forward end portion leads the aft end portion;
aerodynamically controlling the rocket during ascent through Earth's atmosphere in the first orientation by moving a bidirectional control surface;
reorienting the rocket from the first orientation to a second orientation in which the aft end portion leads the forward end portion; and
aerodynamically controlling the rocket during descent through the Earth's atmosphere in the second orientation by moving the bidirectional control surface.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein moving a bidirectional control surface includes pivoting a control fin that extends outwardly from the aft end portion of the rocket.
14. A rocket for transporting at least one of humans and cargo into space, the rocket comprising:
a first end portion;
a second end portion;
one or more engine exhaust nozzles positioned toward the second end portion; and
a plurality of bidirectional control surfaces, wherein each of the bidirectional control surface includes:
a root portion;
a distal tip portion spaced apart from the root portion;
a first edge portion extending between the root portion and the tip portion; and
a second edge portion extending between the root portion and the tip portion, wherein the first edge portion leads the second edge portion when the rocket is flying in a first orientation in which the first end portion leads the second end portion, and wherein the second edge portion leads the first edge portion when the rocket is flying in a second orientation in which the second end portion leads the first end portion;
wherein the first edge portions of the bidirectional control surfaces face generally away from the second end portion and the second edge portions of the bidirectional control surfaces face generally away from the first end portion, wherein each of the bidirectional control surfaces is configured to rotate back and forth about a corresponding pivot axis, and wherein the pivot axis is positioned between a midpoint of the root and the first edge portion.