Apparatus and method for estimating carrier frequency offset
An apparatus for estimating carrier frequency offset includes an M th power circuit, a spectrum generating circuit, a peak frequency determining circuit and a frequency offset determining circuit. The M th power circuit performs an M th power calculation on an input signal to generate an M th power calculation result. The spectrum generating circuit generates an M th power spectrum according to the M th power calculation result. The peak frequency determining circuit determines a peak frequency corresponding to an amplitude peak from the M th power spectrum. The frequency offset determining circuit determines an estimated carrier frequency offset according to the peak frequency.
1. An apparatus for estimating carrier frequency offset, comprising:
an M th power circuit, performing an M th power calculation on an input signal to generate an M th power calculation result, where M is an integer greater than 1 and is associated with a modulation scheme applied to the input signal;
a spectrum generating circuit, generating an M th power spectrum according to the M th power calculation result;
a peak frequency determining circuit, determining a peak frequency corresponding to an amplitude peak from the M th power spectrum; and
a frequency offset determining circuit, determining an estimated carrier frequency offset according to the peak frequency,
wherein the offset frequency determining circuit comprises:
a candidate frequency offset generating circuit, generating a plurality of candidate frequency offsets according to the peak frequency; and
a frequency offset selecting circuit, selecting the estimated carrier frequency offset from the plurality of candidate frequency offsets, and
wherein the spectrum generating circuit further generates an input signal spectrum according to the input signal, and the frequency offset selecting circuit comprises:
a moving averaging circuit, performing a moving average calculation on the input signal spectrum to generate a moving average result;
a peak frequency determining circuit, determining a power peak frequency corresponding to a power peak from the moving average result; and
a frequency offset selecting circuit, selecting a candidate frequency offset closest to the power peak frequency from the plurality of candidate frequency offsets as the estimated carrier frequency offset.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the candidate frequency offset generating circuit generates the plurality of candidate frequency offsets according to an equation:
Ω
≅
M
Δ
f
n
+
n
T
;
wherein, Ω represents the peak frequency, T represents a symbol duration of the input signal, n represents an index value, Δf n represents a candidate frequency offset corresponding to the index value n, and respective index values of the candidate frequency offsets are different.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the candidate frequency offset generating circuit selects the plurality of candidate frequency offsets in a predetermined frequency range, which is associated with a sampling frequency previously applied to the input signal.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the frequency offset selecting circuit comprises:
a correcting circuit, correcting the input signal to generate a plurality of corresponding correction results according to the plurality of candidate frequency offsets, respectively;
a signal quality evaluating circuit, generating a signal quality index according to each of the plurality of correction results; and
a frequency offset selecting circuit, selecting a candidate frequency offset corresponding to an optimum signal quality index from the plurality of candidate frequency offsets as the estimated carrier frequency offset.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the signal quality index is a bit error rate or a packet error rate.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the modulation scheme applied to the input signal is quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), and the integer M is equal to an integral multiple of 4.
7. A method for estimating carrier frequency offset, comprising:
a) performing an M th power calculation on an input signal to generate an M th power calculation result, where M is an integer greater than 1 and is associated with a modulation scheme applied to the input signal;
b) generating an M th power spectrum according to the M th power calculation result;
c) determining a peak frequency corresponding to an amplitude peak from the M th power spectrum; and
d) determining an estimated carrier frequency offset according to the peak frequency,
wherein step (d) comprises:
d1) generating a plurality of candidate frequency offsets according to the peak frequency; and
d2) selecting the estimated carrier frequency offset from the plurality of candidate frequency offsets, and
wherein step (d2) comprises:
generating an input signal spectrum according to the input signal;
performing a moving average calculation on the input signal spectrum to generate a moving average result;
determining a power peak frequency corresponding to a power peak from the moving average result; and
selecting a candidate frequency offset closest to the power peak frequency from the plurality of candidate frequency offsets as the estimated carrier frequency offset.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein step (d1) comprises generating the plurality of candidate frequency offsets according to an equation:
Ω
≅
M
Δ
f
n
+
n
T
;
wherein, Ω represents the peak frequency, T represents a symbol duration of the input signal, n represents an index value, Δf n represents a candidate frequency offset corresponding to the index value n, and respective index values of the candidate frequency offsets are different.
9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein step (d1) comprises selecting the plurality of candidate frequency offsets in a predetermined frequency range, which is associated with a sampling frequency previously applied to the input signal.
10. The method according to claim 7 , wherein step (d2) comprises:
correcting the input signal to generate a plurality of corresponding correction results according to the plurality of candidate frequency offsets, respectively;
generating a signal quality index according to each of the plurality of correction results; and
selecting a candidate frequency offset corresponding to an optimum signal quality index from the plurality of candidate frequency offsets as the estimated carrier frequency offset.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the signal quality index is a bit error rate or a packet error rate.
12. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the modulation scheme applied to the input signal is quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), and the integer M is equal to an integral multiple of 4.
13. An apparatus for estimating carrier frequency offset, comprising:
an M th power circuit, performing an M th power calculation on an input signal to generate an M th power calculation result, where M is an integer greater than 1 and is associated with a modulation scheme applied to the input signal;
a spectrum generating circuit, generating an M th power spectrum according to the M th power calculation result;
a peak frequency determining circuit, determining a peak frequency corresponding to an amplitude peak from the M th power spectrum; and
a frequency offset determining circuit, determining an estimated carrier frequency offset according to the peak frequency,
wherein the offset frequency determining circuit comprises:
a candidate frequency offset generating circuit, generating a plurality of candidate frequency offsets according to the peak frequency; and
a frequency offset selecting circuit, selecting the estimated carrier frequency offset from the plurality of candidate frequency offsets, and
wherein the candidate frequency offset generating circuit generates the plurality of candidate frequency offsets according to an equation:
Ω≅ MΔf n +n/T ,
wherein, Ω represents the peak frequency, T represents a symbol duration of the input signal, n represents an index value, Δf n represents a candidate frequency offset corresponding to the index value n, and respective index values of the candidate frequency offsets are different.
14. An apparatus for estimating carrier frequency offset, comprising:
an M th power circuit, performing an M th power calculation on an input signal to generate an M th power calculation result, where M is an integer greater than 1 and is associated with a modulation scheme applied to the input signal;
a spectrum generating circuit, generating an M th power spectrum according to the M th power calculation result;
a peak frequency determining circuit, determining a peak frequency corresponding to an amplitude peak from the M th power spectrum; and
a frequency offset determining circuit, determining an estimated carrier frequency offset according to the peak frequency,
wherein the offset frequency determining circuit comprises:
a candidate frequency offset generating circuit, generating a plurality of candidate frequency offsets according to the peak frequency; and
a frequency offset selecting circuit, selecting the estimated carrier frequency offset from the plurality of candidate frequency offsets, and
wherein the frequency offset selecting circuit comprises:
a correcting circuit, correcting the input signal to generate a plurality of corresponding correction results according to the plurality of candidate frequency offsets, respectively;
a signal quality evaluating circuit, generating a signal quality index according to each of the plurality of correction results; and
a frequency offset selecting circuit, selecting a candidate frequency offset corresponding to an optimum signal quality index from the plurality of candidate frequency offsets as the estimated carrier frequency offset.