Continuous mixing reactor and method of use
A continuous mixing reactor has an outer shell having a cylindrical portion with a central section and two opposite conical end sections; a circulation tube within the shell so that an annular passage forms between the shell and the circulation tube; an impeller within and positioned adjacent to one end of the circulation tube; and heat exchange means penetrating the outer shell and extending into the end of the circulation tube opposite the impeller. The outer shell has a hydraulic head forming one end of the shell, a heat exchange medium header at the opposite end of the shell. The circulation tube nearer the heat exchange medium header terminates at or downstream from a tangential plane extending through the shell at the intersection of the central section and the conical end section of the cylindrical portion of shell. The reactor is useful in an alkylation process.
1. A continuous mixing reactor having (a) an outer shell, wherein the outer shell has an interior wall and an exterior wall; one or more inlets for fluids, a hydraulic head (or circulating head) forming one end of the shell, a heat exchange medium header at the opposite end of the shell from the hydraulic head; wherein the shell has a generally cylindrical portion between the hydraulic head and the heat exchange medium header, having a central section and two opposite end sections, the central section having a substantially uniform diameter and each end section is a conical section, and a discharge outlet positioned on a surface of the cylindrical portion; and (b) a hollow circulation tube, open at both ends, extending from the hydraulic head to a terminal end opposite of the hydraulic head and nearer to the heat exchange medium header, and positioned axially within the shell and spaced from the interior wall thereof such that an annular passage is formed between the circulation tube and the shell; and (c) an impeller received within and positioned adjacent to the end of the circulation tube within the hydraulic head of the shell, wherein the impeller provides for mixing of fluid within the reactor, creating a cyclic flow of fluids through said tube; and (d) heat exchange means penetrating the outer shell, wherein the heat exchange means extends from the heat exchange medium header into the open end of the circulation tube opposite of the impeller, wherein the heat exchange means penetrates substantially the length of the central section of the cylindrical portion of the outer shell; characterized as having the end of the circulation tube nearer to the heat exchange medium header terminates at or downstream from a tangential plane extending through the shell at the intersection of the central section and the conical end section of the cylindrical portion of shell.
2. The reactor of claim 1 having the end of the circulation tube nearer to the heat exchange medium header terminate at a tangential plane extending through the shell at the intersection of the central section and the conical end section of the cylindrical portion of shell.
3. The reactor of claim 1 having the end of the circulation tube nearer to the heat exchange medium header terminate downstream from a tangential plane extending through the shell at the intersection of the central section and the conical end section of the cylindrical portion of shell.
4. The reactor of claim 1 wherein the conical end section near the hydraulic head is concentric.
5. The reactor of claim 1 wherein the conical end section near the heat exchange medium header is concentric.
6. The reactor of claim 1 wherein at least one of the conical end sections is eccentric.
7. The reactor of claim 1 wherein both end sections are concentric.
8. The reactor of claim 1 wherein the end section near the hydraulic head is eccentric.
9. The reactor of claim 2 having nozzles for feeding fluid into through the outer shell and circulation tube upstream of flow into the impeller.
10. The reactor of claim 3 having nozzles for feeding fluid into through the outer shell and circulation tube upstream of flow into the impeller.
11. The reactor of claim 2 having an annular region defined by the outer shell, the heat exchange means and the tangential plane at the terminal end of the circulation tube.
12. The reactor of claim 3 having an annular region defined by the outer shell, the heat exchange means and the tangential plane at the terminal end of the circulation tube.
13. An alkylation process comprising contacting an olefin with an isoparaffin in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce a product comprising isoparaffins wherein the contacting is performed in a reactor as set forth in claim 1 .
14. An alkylation process of claim 13 wherein the olefin is one or more C 3 to C 5 olefin and the isoparaffin is a mixture of isoparaffins.
15. An alkylation process of claim 13 wherein the acid catalyst is sulfuric acid, hydrogen fluoride, acidic ion exchange resin, zeolite, fluorosulfonic acid, boron trifluoride, antimony pentafluoride, phosphoric acid, metal halide such as aluminum chloride and aluminum bromide, complex of aluminum chloride and sulfuric acid, solid acid catalyst, or a combination of two or more thereof.
16. An alkylation process of claim 15 wherein the acid is sulfuric acid.
17. An alkylation process of claim 16 having conditions of a temperature in the range of from about −40° C. to about 260° C. and a pressure in the range of about atmospheric to about 35 MPa and a volume ratio of catalyst to total hydrocarbon in the range of from about 0.001:1 to about 100:1.
18. An alkylation process of claim 16 having conditions of a temperature in the range of from about −15° C. to about 95° C. and a pressure in the range of about 65 to about 7000 kPa and a volume ratio of catalyst to total hydrocarbon in the range of from about 0.1:1 to about 10:1.
19. An alkylation process of claim 16 having conditions of a temperature in the range of from about 4° C. to about 20° C. and a pressure in the range of about 340 to about 500 kPa and a volume ratio of catalyst to total hydrocarbon (olefin and reactant isoparaffins) in the range of from about 1:1 to about 1.5:1.