Solid state catholytes and electrolytes for energy storage devices
The present invention provides an energy storage device comprising a cathode region or other element. The device has a major active region comprising a plurality of first active regions spatially disposed within the cathode region. The major active region expands or contracts from a first volume to a second volume during a period of a charge and discharge. The device has a catholyte material spatially confined within a spatial region of the cathode region and spatially disposed within spatial regions not occupied by the first active regions. In an example, the catholyte material comprises a lithium, germanium, phosphorous, and sulfur (“LGPS”) containing material configured in a polycrystalline state. The device has an oxygen species configured within the LGPS containing material, the oxygen species having a ratio to the sulfur species of 1:2 and less to form a LGPSO material. The device has a protective material formed overlying exposed regions of the cathode material to substantially maintain the sulfur species within the catholyte material. Also included is a novel dopant configuration of the Li a MP b S c (LMPS) [M=Si, Ge, and/or Sn] containing material.
1. A method of making a catholyte material, comprising providing catholyte precursor materials; ball milling the catholyte precursor materials; annealing the catholyte precursor materials to form a catholyte; and ball milling the catholyte to a median particle size of less than about 1 um and greater than 20 nm; wherein the catholyte precursor materials are selected from LiS, P 2 Ss, SiS 2 , Si, S, and combinations thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the annealing is at 500° C. to 600° C.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the annealing is at 400° C. to 600° C.