Methods of selecting T cell receptors using affinity oligonucleotide conjugates
Provided herein are methods and compositions for single cell characterization using affinity-oligonucleotide conjugates, including tetramer-oligonucleotide conjugates (e.g., pMHC-oligonucleotide). In some aspects, such methods may comprise the steps of: forming a vessel comprising an affinity-oligonucleotide conjugate and a T cell; attaching a vessel barcoded polynucleotide or complement thereof to: (a) an oligonucleotide portion of a pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate, and (b) a T cell receptor (TCR) polynucleotide originating from the T cell; and sequencing the oligonucleotide portion or a complement thereof and the TCR polynucleotide or a complement thereof. Additional methods provided herein include determining the binding affinity of a T cell receptor (TCR) to a pMHC-oligonucleotide. Compositions of the present invention encompass a plurality of vessels, wherein a vessel of the plurality of vessels may comprise a single T cell; and a vessel barcoded polynucleotide, wherein the vessel may further comprise a pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate.
1. A method of selecting a T cell receptor (TCR), comprising:
(a) forming a plurality of vessels, wherein a vessel of the plurality of vessels comprises at least one pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate molecule and a single T cell of a plurality of T cells;
(b) attaching a vessel barcoded polynucleotide or complement thereof to:
(i) an oligonucleotide portion of the pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate molecule within the vessel of the plurality of vessels, and
(ii) a TCR polynucleotide from the single T cell; and
(c) sequencing the oligonucleotide portion or a complement thereof and the TCR polynucleotide or a complement thereof, thereby generating sequence information, wherein the attaching of step (b) occurs within the vessel.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a pMHC portion of the pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate molecule comprises a multimer of the pMHC.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pMHC oligonucleotide conjugate molecule comprises a detection portion.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises prior to step (a), obtaining an enriched T cell population comprising T cells bound to pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate molecules.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the method further comprises washing the enriched T cell population.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises isolating the single T cell in the vessel.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the T cells are bound to the pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate molecules before obtaining the enriched T cell population.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the method further comprises lysing the single T cell after the single T cell is isolated in the vessel.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vessel barcoded polynucleotide or complement thereof comprises a vessel barcode sequence, and wherein the vessel barcode sequence of each vessel barcoded polynucleotide or complement thereof in any single vessel of the plurality of vessels is unique.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises amplifying the oligonucleotide portion or complement thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises amplifying the TCR polynucleotide or complement thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vessel barcoded polynucleotide or complement thereof comprises a vessel barcode sequence, and wherein the vessel barcode sequence of the vessel barcoded polynucleotide or complement thereof attached to the TCR polynucleotide and the vessel barcode sequence of the vessel barcoded polynucleotide or complement thereof attached to the oligonucleotide portion are the same.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises pooling oligonucleotide portions, amplified products thereof or complements thereof, and TCR polynucleotides or complements thereof, from two or more vessels of the plurality of vessels.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining a binding affinity of a TCR encoded by the TCR polynucleotide to the pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate molecule based on the sequence information.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises determining the number of pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate molecules bound to the single T cell.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sequence information comprises TCR polynucleotide sequence reads, vessel barcode sequence reads, and oligonucleotide sequence reads.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the method further comprises comparing the oligonucleotide sequence reads to the TCR polynucleotide sequence reads.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the method further comprises selecting a TCR based on the oligonucleotide sequence reads.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oligonucleotide portion of the pMHC-oligonuleotide conjugate molecule comprises a tetramer molecular barcode (TMB) sequence that is unique to a single pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate molecule of a plurality of pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate molecules.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein a number of pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate molecules bound to the single T cell is determined from the sequence information.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the sequence information comprises tetramer molecular barcode sequence reads.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the number of pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate molecules bound to the single T cell is determined from the tetramer molecular barcode sequence reads.
23. The method of claim 16 , wherein the method further comprises analyzing TMB sequences of the oligonucleotide sequence reads.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the method further comprises analyzing tetramer identification (TID) sequences of the oligonucleotide sequence reads.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oligonucleotide portion comprises a tetramer identification (TID) sequence.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the TID sequence is barcoded to a peptide or a pMHC portion of the pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate molecule.
27. The method of claim 25 , wherein the sequence information comprises the TID sequence or a complement thereof and a copy number of molecules having the TID sequence.
28. The method of claim 24 , wherein the analyzing comprises determining a frequency of one or more vessel barcode sequences, one or more TID sequences, one or more TMB sequences, or a combination thereof.
29. The method of claim 24 , wherein the method further comprises comparing TID sequences of oligonucleotide sequence reads to TMB sequences of oligonucleotide sequence reads.
30. A method of determining the binding affinity of a T cell receptor (TCR) comprising
(a) incubating a plurality of pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate molecules with a plurality of T cells;
(b) forming a vessel comprising at least one of the plurality of pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate molecules and at least one of the plurality of T cells;
(c) attaching a vessel barcoded polynucleotide or complement thereof to an oligonucleotide portion of the pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate molecules within the vessel;
(d) quantifying the pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate molecules within the vessel by sequencing the oligonucleotide portion or a complement thereof of the pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate molecules, thereby generating sequence information; and
(e) determining a binding affinity of a TCR to a pMHC oligonucleotide conjugate molecule based on the sequence information.
31. A composition comprising a plurality of vessels, wherein a vessel of the plurality of vessels comprises
(a) a single T cell from a sample comprising a plurality of T cells;
(b) a vessel barcoded polynucleotide comprising a vessel barcode sequence; and
(c) a pMHC-oligonucleotide conjugate that binds to a TCR of the single T cell.