High resolution organic light-emitting diode devices, displays, and related methods
A method of manufacturing an organic-light emitting diode (OLED) display can include providing on a substrate a first electrode associated with a first sub-pixel and a second electrode associated with a second sub-pixel, wherein a gap is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode and wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are positioned in a well having boundaries defined by a confinement structure on the substrate. The method can also include depositing in the well with the electrodes positioned therein, active OLED material to form a substantially continuous layer of active OLED material that spans the boundaries of the well such that a surface of the layer of active OLED material that faces away from the substrate has a non-planar topography. The depositing can be via inkjet printing.
1. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, comprising:
a first electrode disposed on a substrate, wherein the first electrode is associated with a first sub-pixel;
a second electrode disposed on the substrate and spaced from the first electrode to provide a gap between the first and second electrodes, wherein the second electrode is associated with a second sub-pixel;
a confinement structure positioned on the substrate to define boundaries of a well containing the first electrode and the second electrode;
a substantially continuous active OLED material layer that spans and is contained within the boundaries of the well and is disposed over the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein a surface of the active OLED material layer that faces away from the substrate has a non-planar topography; and
a common electrode disposed over the active OLED material layer, the common electrode being operatively coupled to generate an electrical potential between each of the first electrode and the second electrode.
2. The display of claim 1 , wherein the active OLED material layer has a substantially uniform thickness.
3. The display of claim 1 , wherein a local non-uniformity in thickness of the active OLED material layer proximal to an edge of a surface feature in the well is about 5 μm to about 10 μm.
4. The display of claim 1 , wherein the active OLED material layer has a thickness less than a thickness of the first electrode and the second electrode.
5. The display of claim 1 , wherein the active OLED material layer comprises one of a light-emissive material and a hole conducting material.
6. The display of claim 5 , wherein the hole conducting material is a hole injecting material or a hole transporting material.
7. The display of claim 1 , further comprising a definition layer deposited on the substrate.
8. The display of claim 7 , wherein the definition layer is formed within the gap between the first electrode and the second electrode.
9. The display of claim 7 , wherein the definition layer is formed on the substrate and a portion of the first electrode and the second electrode.
10. The display of claim 9 , wherein the confinement structure is located over the definition layer.
11. The display of claim 7 , wherein the definition layer comprises an electrically resistive material.
12. The display of claim 1 , wherein the display has a fill factor greater than 40%.
13. The display of claim 1 , wherein the display has a resolution of at least 100 ppi.
14. The display of claim 1 , wherein the display is an active matrix device.
15. The display of claim 1 , wherein the first and second electrodes are reflective.
16. The display of claim 15 , wherein the first and second electrodes are comprised of a metal, a mixed metal, an alloy and combinations thereof.
17. The display of claim 16 , wherein the first and second electrodes comprise aluminum.
18. The display of claim 1 , wherein the common electrode is transparent.
19. The display of claim 18 , wherein the common electrode comprises indium tin oxide.
20. The display of claim 1 , wherein the first and second electrodes are transparent.
21. The display of claim 20 , wherein the first and second electrodes comprise indium tin oxide.
22. The display of claim 1 , wherein the common electrode is reflective.
23. The display of claim 22 , wherein the common electrode is comprised of a metal, a mixed metal, an alloy and combinations thereof.
24. The display of claim 23 , wherein the common electrode is aluminum.
25. The display of claim 1 , wherein the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel are arranged to be part of different pixels of the display.
26. The display of claim 25 , wherein:
each of the different pixels of the display comprises a red emitting sub-pixel, a green emitting sub-pixel, and a blue emitting sub-pixel; and
the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel emit the same color.
27. A method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display comprising:
providing on a substrate a first electrode associated with a first sub-pixel and a second electrode associated with a second sub-pixel, wherein a gap is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode and wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are positioned in a well having boundaries defined by a confinement structure on the substrate;
depositing in the well with the electrodes positioned therein, an active OLED material to form a substantially continuous layer of the active OLED material that spans and is contained within the boundaries of the well such that a surface of the layer of the active OLED material that faces away from the substrate has a non-planar topography, wherein the depositing is via inkjet printing; and
positioning over the layer of the active OLED material, a common electrode operatively coupled to generate an electrical potential between each of the first electrode and the second electrode.