METHODS FOR PRODUCING FORGED PRODUCTS AND OTHER WORKED PRODUCTS
Generally, the present disclosure is directed various embodiments to additively manufacture AM preforms to reduce, prevent, and/or eliminate defects that occur in post processing operations (e.g. forging, shot peening, machining, or other post processing operations).
1 . A method comprising:
(a) additively manufacturing a metal shaped-preform from an additive manufacturing feedstock;
(b) concomitant with (a), using a bead deposition strategy to modify a bead path, whereby the combination of (a) and (b) provide the metal shaped preform configured with a smoothed external surface having non-stepped walls as compared to the metal shaped preform without such bead deposition strategy; and
(c) performing at least one post processing operation on the metal shaped preform to form a final formed product, whereby, due to (b), the final formed product has reduced post processing operation defects as compared to without (b).
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the bead deposition strategy comprises path planning of the bead path.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein path planning is selected from the group consisting of:
a. a non-linear build path around the interior of a part build;
b. a non-linear build path around the perimeter of a part build;
c. an overlapping bead deposition in the build direction, when comparing a first AM deposition layer to a subsequent AM deposition layer, wherein each deposition layer is configured from a plurality of beads, such that between the first AM deposition layer and the subsequent AM deposition layer, a subsequent layer bead does not completely overlap with a first layer bead, and
d. combinations thereof.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the bead deposition strategy comprises path planning, wherein a first bead in a first AM build layer overlaps at least a portion but not entirely with a subsequent bead in a subsequent AM build layer, wherein the subsequent bead is in contact with the first bead.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the post processing operation is selected from the group consisting of: forging, thermally treating and machining, machining, shot peening, annealing, and combinations thereof.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the additively manufacturing is completed with a directed energy deposition additive machine.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the direct energy deposition additive machine is selected from the group consisting of: a Sciaky machine, plasma arc machine, a wire feed AM machine, and combinations thereof.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the post processing operation is forging and the final formed product is free from forging defects selected from the group consisting of: folds, cavities, and combinations thereof.
9 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
a. machining the final forged part to provide a finished part.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal preform comprises at least one of titanium, titanium alloy, titanium aluminide, aluminum, nickel, steel, and stainless steel.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the bead deposition strategy is configured in a vertical direction such that the vertical surfaces are free from defect-causing discontinuities in the post processing operation.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the bead deposition strategy is configured in a horizontal direction such that the horizontal surfaces are free from defect-causing discontinuities in the post processing operation.
13 . A method, comprising:
a. additively manufacturing a metal shaped-preform from an additive manufacturing feedstock using a direct energy deposition additive machine;
b. utilizing path planning deposition strategy to promote a non-stepped perimeter of the metal shaped preform, and
c. forging the metal shaped preform to form a final forged product, whereby via (b) the final forged product is substantially free from forging defects including at least one of: laps, cavities, folds, cold shuts, and combinations thereof.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein path planning further comprises utilizing a modified bead deposition in successive layers of the metal shaped preform such that the bead deposition layers are non-conforming to provide a different build pattern layer-by-layer within the metal shaped preform.
15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein path planning further comprises utilizing a modified bead deposition in successive layers of the metal shaped preform such that the bead deposition layers are overlapping by less than 100%.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein bead overlap is less than 80% between two beads of successive AM build layers.
17 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the bead overlap is less than 50% between two beads of successive AM build layers.
18 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the bead overlap is less than 30% between two beads of successive AM build layers.
19 . The method of claim 13 , whereby the metal shaped preform is configured with a smoothed surface, characterized by the absence of jogs and steps in the build height direction, configured in the direction normal from the build plane.
20 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the path planning deposition strategy is configured in a vertical direction such that the vertical surfaces are free from defect-causing discontinuities in the forging step.
21 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the path planning deposition strategy is configured in a horizontal direction such that the horizontal surfaces are free from defect-causing discontinuities in the forging step.
22 . The method of claim 13 , the forging step comprises a single die forging step.
23 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the metal preform comprises at least one of titanium, titanium alloy, titanium aluminide, aluminum, nickel, steel, and stainless steel.
24 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the forging step comprises:
a. heating the metal shaped-preform to a stock temperature; and
b. contacting the metal shaped-preform with a forging die.
25 . The method of claim 13 , wherein after the utilizing step (b), working the metal shaped-preform into a final worked product via at least one of: (i) rolling, (ii) ring rolling, (iii) ring forging, (iv) shaped rolling, (v) extruding, and (vi) combinations thereof.
26 . The method of claim 13 comprising, after the forging step (c), annealing the final forged product.