Direct detection LiDAR system and method with step frequency modulation (FM) pulse-burst envelope modulation transmission and quadrature demodulation

1. A direct detection LiDAR system, comprising:

a signal generator for generating an output signal having a variable frequency;

a modulation circuit for receiving the output signal from the signal generator and modulating the output signal to generate a pulsed modulation envelope signal configured to comprise a plurality of pulses, two or more of the plurality of pulses having two or more respective different frequencies, the modulation circuit further applying the pulsed modulation envelope signal to an optical signal to generate a pulse-envelope-modulated optical signal comprising a plurality of pulses modulated by the pulsed modulation envelope signal;

optical transmission elements for transmitting the pulse-envelope-modulated optical signal into a region;

optical receiving elements for receiving reflected optical signals from the region; and

receive signal processing circuitry for receiving the reflected optical signals and using quadrature detection to process the reflected optical signals, the receive signal processing circuitry comprising at least one light detection element which demodulates the reflected optical signals to recover a portion of a reflected version of the output signal from a reflected version of the pulse-envelope-modulated optical signal.

2. The direct detection LIDAR system of claim 1 , wherein the modulation circuit comprises a pulse modulator for modulating the output signal to generate the pulsed envelope modulation signal.

3. The direct detection LIDAR system of claim 2 , wherein the modulation circuit comprises a laser modulator for applying the pulsed modulation envelope signal to an optical signal to generate the pulse-envelope-modulated optical signal.

4. The direct detection LIDAR system of claim 1 , wherein the modulation circuit comprises a laser modulator for applying the pulsed modulation envelope signal to an optical signal to generate the pulse-envelope-modulated optical signal.

5. The direct detection LiDAR system of claim 1 , wherein the pulsed modulation envelope signal comprises two or more consecutive pulses at the same frequency.

6. The direct detection LiDAR system of claim 1 , wherein the pulsed modulation envelope signal comprises one and only one pulse at each of a plurality of frequencies.

7. The direct detection LiDAR system of claim 1 , wherein the optical receiving elements comprise a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) scanning mirror for scanning the region to receive the reflected optical signals from the region.

8. The direct detection LiDAR system of claim 7 , wherein the reflected optical signals from the region are received through a series of scans of the MEMS scanning mirror.

9. The direct detection LiDAR system of claim 8 , wherein each of the series of scans provides receiver coverage over a field of view of the LiDAR system, each scan receiving reflected signals of a single frequency of the pulsed modulation envelope signal.

10. The direct detection LiDAR system of claim 1 , wherein the two or more different frequencies increase with time.

11. The direct detection LiDAR system of claim 1 , wherein the two or more different frequencies decrease with time.

12. The direct detection LiDAR system of claim 1 , wherein the LiDAR system is installed and operates in an automobile.