Miniature micromachined ultrasonic rangefinder
A miniature rangefinder includes a housing, a micromachined ultrasonic transducer, and signal processing circuitry. The housing includes a substrate and a lid. The housing has one or more apertures and the micromachined ultrasonic transducer is mounted over an aperture. The micromachined ultrasonic transducer may function as both a transmitter and a receiver. An integrated circuit is configured to drive the transducer to transmit an acoustic signal, detect a return signal, and determine a time of flight between emitting the acoustic signal and detecting the return signal.
1. An acoustic rangefinder apparatus, comprising:
a substrate;
a lid mounted to the substrate;
a micromachined ultrasonic transducer (MUT) on the substrate or the lid, wherein the MUT includes an actuatable membrane;
an integrated circuit (IC) on the substrate operatively coupled to the MUT,
wherein the lid encloses the MUT and the IC,
wherein the lid or substrate includes an acoustic aperture;
wherein the lid or substrate includes a plurality of electrical interconnects to connect the IC to an external substrate;
wherein the IC is configured to drive the membrane to transmit an acoustic signal and detect a return signal, and wherein the IC is configured to determine a time of flight between emitting the acoustic signal and detecting the return signal.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the MUT is a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT).
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the MUT is a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT).
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the acoustic aperture is formed in the substrate.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the MUT is secured to the substrate to substantially cover the acoustic aperture.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the acoustic aperture is formed in the lid.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the MUT is secured to the lid to substantially cover the acoustic aperture.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the ASIC is secured to the substrate and electrical connections between the MUT and the ASIC are made through conductive traces on or within the lid and substrate.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the membrane is a piezoelectric unimorph formed of an active piezoelectric layer and a layer of passive material on a surface of a MUT substrate.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the MUT includes a ring of piezoelectric material spanning a perimeter of the membrane, wherein the ring of piezoelectric material is sandwiched between a first electrode and a second electrode, and wherein the second electrode is sandwiched between the membrane and the ring of piezoelectric material.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the membrane is between the acoustic aperture and the MUT substrate.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the MUT substrate is between the membrane and the acoustic aperture.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is configured to transmit an initial pulse of sound and wait for a predetermined interval to receive a responding pulse from another acoustic rangefinder apparatus; and transmit a responding pulse upon receipt of a first pulse from another acoustic rangefinder apparatus.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the responding pulse is encoded to distinguish the responding pulse from echoes originating from the initial pulse.
15. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the apparatus is configured to wait a randomly generated amount of time before re-transmitting an initial pulse.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is configured to conduct range measurements in a time-division multiplexed (TDM) fashion in conjunction with one or more other range finder apparatus.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the integrated circuit includes a charge-pump to convert an input supply voltage to a higher voltage to drive the membrane.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the integrated circuit includes a digital serial interface that allows a user to program minimum and maximum range thresholds.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the digital serial interface is a serial peripheral interface (SPI).
20. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the digital serial interface is an inter-integrated circuit (I2C) interface.
21. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a microprocessor coupled to the IC.
22. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a signal transceiver coupled to the microprocessor.
23. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an analog to digital converter which converts a received ultrasonic signal to a digital representation and stores it in a memory.